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Article History

Received: 23 July 2021

Accepted: 23 March 2022

First Online: 4 May 2022

Competing interests

: E.F.F. is an equity holder and consultant for BioNTech, and equity holder and scientific advisory board member of BioEntre. N.H. and C.J.W. are equity holders of BioNTech. N.H. is an advisor and equity holder for Related Sciences, and receives research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb. P.A.O. has received research funding from and has advised Neon Therapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, CytomX, Pfizer, Novartis, Celldex, Amgen, Array, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Armo BioSciences, Xencor, Oncorus, Phio Pharmaceuticals, Evaxion and Roche/Genentech. C.J.W. is subject to a conflict-of-interest management plan for the reported studies because of her former competing financial interests in Neon Therapeutics, which was acquired by BioNTech. Under this plan, C.J.W. may not access identifiable data for human subjects or otherwise participate directly in the Institutional Review Board-approved protocol reported herein. C.J.W.’s contributions to the overall strategy and data analyses occurred on a de-identified basis. Patent applications have been filed on aspects of the described work entitled as follows: ‘Compositions and methods for personalized neoplasia vaccines’ (N.H., E.F.F. and C.J.W.), ‘Methods for identifying tumour specific neo-antigens’ (N.H. and C.J.W.), ‘Formulations for neoplasia vaccines’ (E.F.F.) and ‘Combination therapy for neoantigen vaccine’ (N.H., C.J.W. and E.F.F.). The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute has a proprietary and financial interest in the personalized neoantigen vaccine. S.J.R. has research funding from Bristol-Myers-Squibb and KITE/Gilead. S.J.R. is a member of the scientific advisory board of Immunitas Therapeutics. D.A.B. reports personal fees from LM Education and Exchange, Adnovate Strategies, MDedge, Cancer Network, Cancer Expert Now, OncLive, Catenion, AVEO, and grants and personal fees from Exelixis, outside the submitted work. M.S.-F. receives research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb. M.W.-R. was an employee of Bristol-Myers Squibb and holds equity in Bristol-Myers Squibb. D.B.K. has previously advised Neon Therapeutics and has received consulting fees from Neon Therapeutics. D.B.K. owns equity in Affimed N.V., Armata Pharmaceuticals, Breakbio, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celldex Therapeutics, Editas Medicine, Exelixis, Gilead Sciences, Immunitybio, ImmunoGen, IMV, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Moderna, Neoleukin Therapeutics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. BeiGene, a Chinese biotech company, supports unrelated research at the DFCI Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory (TIGL). S.A.C. is a member of the scientific advisory boards of Kymera, PTM BioLabs and Seer and a scientific advisor to Pfizer and Biogen. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.