Retraction Retraction dated 2026-01-14
Click to view Retraction: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10104-7
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Authors
Ng, Kevin W.
Boumelha, Jesse
Enfield, Katey S. S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-6073
Almagro, Jorge https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0652-6447
Cha, Hongui
Pich, Oriol https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1956-1882
Karasaki, Takahiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6863-2360
Moore, David A.
Salgado, Roberto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1110-3801
Sivakumar, Monica
Young, George https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1203-588X
Molina-Arcas, Miriam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8176-8948
de Carné Trécesson, Sophie
Anastasiou, Panayiotis
Fendler, Annika
Au, Lewis
Shepherd, Scott T. C.
Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos
Puttick, Clare
Black, James R. M.
Watkins, Thomas B. K.
Kim, Hyemin
Shim, Seohee
Faulkner, Nikhil
Attig, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2159-2880
Veeriah, Selvaraju
Magno, Neil
Ward, Sophia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6777-5279
Frankell, Alexander M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0341-7878
Al Bakir, Maise https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-8332
Lim, Emilia L.
Hill, Mark S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-8934
Wilson, Gareth A.
Cook, Daniel E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3347-562X
Birkbak, Nicolai J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1613-9587
Behrens, Axel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1557-1143
Yousaf, Nadia
Popat, Sanjay https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2087-4963
Hackshaw, Allan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-5070
,
Rowan, Andrew
Huebner, Ariana
Campbell, Brittany B.
Bailey, Chris
Lee, Claudia
Biswas, Dhruva
Colliver, Emma
Athanasopoulou, Foteini
Zhai, Haoran
Rane, Jayant K.
Grigoriadis, Kristiana
Dietzen, Michelle
Leung, Michelle
Angelova, Mihaela
Lucas, Olivia
Al-Sawaf, Othman
Rosenthal, Rachel
Nicod, Jerome
Bunkum, Abigail
Toncheva, Antonia
Abbosh, Christopher
Richard, Corentin
Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina
Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco
Lam, Jie Min
Thol, Kerstin
Thakkar, Krupa
Werner Sunderland, Mariana
Forster, Martin D.
Kanu, Nnennaya
Prymas, Paulina
Bentham, Robert
Saghafinia, Sadegh
Quezada, Sergio A.
Vanloo, Sharon
Zaccaria, Simone
Lee, Siow Ming
Hessey, Sonya
Liu, Wing Kin
Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis
Wilson, James
Benafif, Sarah
Ahmad, Tanya
Borg, Elaine
Falzon, Mary
Khiroya, Reena
Marafioti, Teresa
Sharp, Abigail
Pilotti, Camilla
Dhanda, Harjot Kaur
Chan, Kitty
Gower, Nicole
Leslie, Rachel
Smith, Sean
Nicholson, Andrew G.
Lim, Eric
Herrero, Javier
Castignani, Carla
Larose Cadieux, Elizabeth
Demeulemeester, Jonas
Van Loo, Peter
Peggs, Karl S.
Veiga, Catarina
Royle, Gary
Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine
Procter, Alexander James
Nair, Arjun
Ahmed, Asia
Taylor, Magali N.
Navani, Neal
Thakrar, Ricky M.
Lawrence, David
Patrini, Davide
Nye, Emma
Stone, Richard Kevin
Chuter, David
MacKenzie, Mairead
Fraioli, Francesco
Ashford, Paul
Janes, Sam M.
Tanić, Miljana
Beck, Stephan
Rice, Alexandra
Devaraj, Anand
Proli, Chiara
Kaniu, Daniel
Bhayani, Harshil
Chavan, Hema
Raubenheimer, Hilgardt
Ambrose, Lyn
Malima, Mpho
Fernandes, Nadia
De Sousa, Paulo
Shah, Pratibha
Booth, Sarah
Buderi, Silviu I.
Jordan, Simon
Begum, Sofina
Boleti, Ekaterini
Stewart, Aengus
Magness, Alastair
Weeden, Clare E.
Levi, Dina
Grönroos, Eva
Goldman, Jacki
Escudero, Mickael
Hobson, Philip
Vendramin, Roberto
Boeing, Stefan
Denner, Tamara
Barbè, Vittorio
Lu, Wei-Ting
Hill, William
Naito, Yutaka
Ramsden, Zoe
Grapa, Anca
Zhang, Hanyun
AbdulJabbar, Khalid
Pan, Xiaoxi
Gilbert, Kayleigh
Karamani, Angeliki
Chain, Benny
Pearce, David R.
Karagianni, Despoina
Hoxha, Elena
Gálvez-Cancino, Felip
Stavrou, Georgia
Mastrokalos, Gerasimos
Lowe, Helen L.
Matos, Ignacio
Reading, James L.
Hartley, John A.
Selvaraju, Kayalvizhi
Chen, Kezhong
Ensell, Leah
Shah, Mansi
Vasquez, Marcos
Litovchenko, Maria
Chervova, Olga
Pawlik, Piotr
Hynds, Robert E.
López, Saioa
Gamble, Samuel
Ung, Seng Kuong Anakin
Bola, Supreet Kaur
Mourikis, Thanos P.
Spanswick, Victoria
Wu, Yin
Martinoni Hoogenboom, Emilie
Monk, Fleur
Holding, James W.
Choudhary, Junaid
Bhakhri, Kunal
Scarci, Marco
Hayward, Martin
Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos
Gorman, Pat
Stephens, Robert C. M.
Bandula, Steve
Wong, Yien Ning Sophia
Clark, Tristan
Cheyne, Heather
Khalil, Mohammed
Richardson, Shirley
Cruickshank, Tracey
Naidu, Babu
Matharu, Gurdeep
Shaw, Jacqui A.
Riley, Joan
Primrose, Lindsay
Le Quesne, John
Blyth, Kevin G.
Kerr, Alastair
Clipson, Alexandra
Chaturvedi, Anshuman
Dive, Caroline
Rothwell, Dominic G.
Kilgour, Elaine
Tugwood, Jonathan
Priest, Lynsey
Oliveira, Pedro
Crosbie, Philip
Price, Gillian
Cave, Judith
Kerr, Keith M.
Lindsay, Colin R.
Blackhall, Fiona H.
Krebs, Matthew G.
Summers, Yvonne
Kirk, Alan
Thomas, Mathew
Asif, Mo
Kostoulas, Nikos
Bilancia, Rocco
Middleton, Gary
Shackcloth, Michael J.
Leek, Angela
Hodgkinson, Jack Davies
Totten, Nicola
Dick, Craig
Robinson, Lily
Russell, Peter
Hewish, Madeleine
Danson, Sarah
Lester, Jason F.
Gomes, Fabio
Brown, Kate
Carter, Mathew
Patel, Akshay J.
Osman, Aya
Lacson, Christer
Langman, Gerald
Shackleford, Helen
Djearaman, Madava
Kadiri, Salma
Alzetani, Aiman
Richards, Jennifer
Scarlett, Lydia
Ingram, Papawadee
Chee, Serena
Austin, Silvia
Bajaj, Amrita
Nakas, Apostolos
Sodha-Ramdeen, Azmina
Fennell, Dean A.
Ang, Keng
Tufail, Mohamad
Chowdhry, Mohammed Fiyaz
Scotland, Molly
Boyles, Rebecca
Rathinam, Sridhar
Wilson, Claire
Marrone, Domenic
Dulloo, Sean
Montero, Angeles
Smith, Elaine
Fontaine, Eustace
Granato, Felice
Doran, Helen
Novasio, Juliette
Rammohan, Kendadai
Joseph, Leena
Bishop, Paul
Shah, Rajesh
Moss, Stuart
Joshi, Vijay
Aerts, Hugo J. W. L.
Kaufmann, Tom L.
Schwarz, Roland F.
Kisistok, Judit
Sokac, Mateo
Diossy, Miklos
Szallasi, Zoltan
Dijkstra, Krijn
Yuan, Yinyin
,
Byrne, Fiona
Boos, Laura Amanda
Shum, Benjamin
Gerard, Camille L.
Schmitt, Andreas M.
Messiou, Christina
Cunningham, David
Chau, Ian
Starling, Naureen
Turner, Nicholas
Welsh, Liam
Jones, Robin L.
Droney, Joanne
Banerjee, Susana
Tatham, Kate C.
Jhanji, Shaman
Harrington, Kevin
Okines, Alicia
Reid, Alison
Young, Kate
Furness, Andrew J. S.
Pickering, Lisa
Nicholson, Emma
Kumar, Sacheen
Wilkinson, Katalin A.
Swerdlow, Anthony
Wilkinson, Robert J.
Hiley, Crispin T.
Litchfield, Kevin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3725-0914
McGranahan, Nicholas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9537-4045
Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam
Larkin, James
Lee, Se-Hoon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9219-3350
Turajlic, Samra https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-136X
Swanton, Charles https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-3018
Downward, Julian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-4729
Kassiotis, George https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-2633
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Article History
Received: 7 March 2022
Accepted: 30 January 2023
First Online: 12 April 2023
Change Date: 21 November 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: Editor's note: Readers are alerted that concerns have been raised regarding the reliability of data presented in this article. Further editorial action will be taken if appropriate once the investigation into the concerns is complete and all parties have been given an opportunity to respond in full.
Change Date: 14 January 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10104-7
Competing interests
: C.S. acknowledges grant support from AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Roche-Ventana, Invitae (previously Archer Dx Inc - collaboration in minimal residual disease sequencing technologies), Ono Pharmaceutical, and Personalis. He is an AstraZeneca Advisory Board member and Chief Investigator for the AZ MeRmaiD 1 and 2 clinical trials and is also Co-Chief Investigator of the NHS Galleri trial funded by GRAIL and a paid member of GRAIL’s Scientific Advisory Board. He receives consultant fees from Achilles Therapeutics (also SAB member), Bicycle Therapeutics (also a SAB member), Genentech, Medicxi, China Innovation Centre of Roche (CICoR) formerly Roche Innovation Centre – Shanghai, Metabomed (until July 2022), and the Sarah Cannon Research Institute C.S has received honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, Bristol Myers Squibb, Illumina, and Roche-Ventana. C.S. had stock options in Apogen Biotechnologies and GRAIL until June 2021, and currently has stock options in Epic Bioscience, Bicycle Therapeutics, and has stock options and is co-founder of Achilles Therapeutics. C.S. is an inventor on a European patent application relating to assay technology to detect tumour recurrence (PCT/GB2017/053289). The patents have been licensed to commercial entities, and under their terms of employment C.S. is due a revenue share of any revenue generated from such license(s). C.S. declares patent applications for targeting neoantigens (PCT/EP2016/059401), identifying patent response to ICB (PCT/EP2016/071471), determining HLA loss of heterozygosity (PCT/GB2018/052004), predicting survival rates of patients with cancer (PCT/GB2020/050221) and identifying patients who respond to cancer treatment (PCT/GB2018/051912); US patents relating to detecting tumour mutations (PCT/US2017/028013) and methods for lung cancer detection (US20190106751A1); and both a European and US patent related to identifying indel mutation targets (PCT/GB2018/051892) and is co-inventor on a patent application to determine methods and systems for tumour monitoring (PCT/EP2022/077987). G.K. is a scientific co-founder of EnaraBio and a member of its scientific advisory board. G.K. has consulted for EnaraBio and Repertoire Immune Medicines. J.D. has acted as a consultant for AstraZeneca, Bayer, Jubilant, Theras, BridgeBio, Vividion and Novartis and has funded research agreements with Bristol Myers Squibb, Revolution Medicines and AstraZeneca. K.S.S.E. acknowledges grant support from Bristol Myers Squibb. K.L. has a patent on indel burden and CPI response pending and has speaker fees from Roche tissue diagnostics, research funding from the CRUK TDL/Ono/LifeArc alliance and Genesis Therapeutics, and consulting roles with Monopteros Therapeutics and Kynos Therapeutics. J. Attig is currently an employee of and owns shares in Hoffmann-La Roche. S.V. is a co-inventor on a patent for detecting molecules in a sample (US patent 10578620). S.d.C.T. has acted as a consultant for Revolution Medicines. C.T.H. has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca. D.A.M. reports speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Takeda and consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Thermo Fisher, Takeda, Amgen, Janssen, MIM Software, Bristol Myers Squibb and Eli Lilly and has received educational support from Takeda and Amgen. R.S. reports non-financial support from Merck and Bristol Myers Squibb, research support from Merck, Puma Biotechnology and Roche, and personal fees from Roche, Bristol Myers Squibb and Exact Sciences for advisory boards. A.M.F. is a co-inventor on a patent application to determine methods and systems for tumour monitoring (PCT/EP2022/077987). M.A.B. has consulted for Achilles Therapeutics. G.A.W. is employed by and has stock options in Achilles Therapeutics. N.J.B. is a co-inventor on a patent to identify responders to cancer treatment (PCT/GB2018/051912), has a patent application (PCT/GB2020/050221) on methods for cancer prognostication and is a co-inventor on a patent for methods for predicting anti-cancer response (US14/466,208). A.H. has received fees for being a member of the independent data monitoring committees for Roche-sponsored clinical trials and academic projects coordinated by Roche. N. McGranahan has received consultancy fees and has stock options in Achilles Therapeutics. N. McGranahan holds European patents relating to targeting neoantigens (PCT/EP2016/ 059401), identifying patient response to ICB (PCT/ EP2016/071471), determining HLA loss of heterozygosity (PCT/GB2018/052004) and predicting survival rates of patients with cancer (PCT/GB2020/050221). M.J.-H. has consulted for, and is a member of, the Achilles Therapeutics scientific advisory board and steering committee, has received speaker honoraria from Pfizer, Astex Pharmaceuticals and Oslo Cancer Cluster, and is a co-inventor on European patent application PCT/US2017/028013 relating to methods for lung cancer detection. This patent has been licensed to commercial entities, and under terms of employment M.J.-H. is due a share of any revenue generated from such license(s). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
