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Article History
Received: 6 April 2022
Accepted: 30 January 2023
First Online: 13 April 2023
Competing interests
: C.A. has received speaking honoraria or expenses from AstraZeneca and Bristol-Myers Squibb and reports employment at AstraZeneca. C.A. and C.S. are listed as inventors on a European patent application relating to assay technology to detect tumour recurrence (PCT/GB2017/053289). This patent has been licensed to commercial entities and, under their terms of employment, C.A and C.S are due a revenue share of any revenue generated from such license(s). C.A. and C.S. declare a patent application (PCT/US2017/028013) for methods to detect lung cancer. A.M.F., C.A. and C.S. are named inventors on a patent application to determine methods and systems for tumour monitoring (PCT/EP2022/077987). C.A., C.S., K.L., C.P., T.H., L.J., M.R.S., A.G. and A. Licon are named inventors on a provisional patent protection related to a ctDNA detection algorithm. S.V. is listed as a co-inventor on a patent of methods for detecting molecules in a sample (US patent, 10,578,620). T.H., A.G., M.M., A.C., A.S., A.O., L.J., P.K., M.R.S., R.D.D., A.L. and J.S. are former or current employees of Invitae or ArcherDx and report stock ownership. D.B. reports personal fees from NanoString and AstraZeneca and has a patent (PCT/GB2020/050221) application on methods for cancer prognostication. M.A.B. has consulted for Achilles Therapeutics. D.A.M. reports speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Takeda; consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Takeda, Amgen, Janssen, MIM Software, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Eli Lilly; and has received educational support from Takeda and Amgen. N.G.-H., A. L’Hernault, H.B., D.H., D.S. and J.C.B. report stock ownership and employment at AstraZeneca. A. Hackshaw has received fees for being a member of independent data monitoring committees for Roche-sponsored clinical trials, and academic projects co-ordinated by Roche. C.T.H. has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca. M.J.-H. has consulted for, and is a member of, the Achilles Therapeutics scientific advisory board and steering committee; has received speaker honoraria from Pfizer, Astex Pharmaceuticals, Oslo Cancer Cluster; and is listed as a co-inventor on a European patent application relating to methods to detect lung cancer (PCT/US2017/028013). This patent has been licensed to commercial entities and, under terms of employment, M.J.-H. is due a share of any revenue generated from such license(s). N.J.B. is listed as a co-inventor on a patent to identify responders to cancer treatment (PCT/GB2018/051912), has a patent application (PCT/GB2020/050221) on methods for cancer prognostication and a patent on methods for predicting anti-cancer response (US14/466,208). H.J.W.L.A. has received personal fees and stock from Onc.AI, Sphera and Love Health, and speaking honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb. K.L. has a patent (CA3068366A) on indel burden and CPI response pending and speaker fees from Roche tissue diagnostics and Ellipses Pharmaceuticals, research funding from CRUK TDL/Ono/LifeArc alliance, Genesis Therapeutics and consulting roles with Monopteros Therapeutics and Kynos Therapeutics (all outside of this work). N.M. has received consultancy fees and has stock options in Achilles Therapeutics; and holds European patents relating to targeting neoantigens (PCT/EP2016/059401), identifying patient response to immune checkpoint blockade (PCT/EP2016/071471), determining HLA LOH (PCT/GB2018/052004) and predicting survival rates of patients with cancer (PCT/GB2020/050221). C.S. acknowledges grant support from AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Roche-Ventana, Invitae (previously Archer Dx, collaboration in minimal residual disease sequencing technologies), Ono Pharmaceutical and Personalis; he is an AstraZeneca advisory board member and chief investigator for the AZ MeRmaiD 1 and 2 clinical trials and is also co-chief investigator of the NHS Galleri trial funded by GRAIL and a paid member of GRAIL’s scientific advisory board. He receives consultant fees from Achilles Therapeutics (also a member of the scientific advisory board), Bicycle Therapeutics (also a member of the scientific advisory board), Genentech, Medicxi, Roche Innovation Centre–Shanghai, Metabomed (until July 2022) and the Sarah Cannon Research Institute; has received honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Illumina and Roche-Ventana; had stock options in Apogen Biotechnologies and GRAIL until June 2021, and currently has stock options in Epic Bioscience, Bicycle Therapeutics, and has stock options and is co-founder of Achilles Therapeutics; and holds additional patent applications related to targeting neoantigens (PCT/EP2016/059401), identifying patient response to immune checkpoint blockade (PCT/EP2016/071471), determining HLA LOH (PCT/GB2018/052004), predicting survival rates of patients with cancer (PCT/GB2020/050221), identifying patients who respond to cancer treatment (PCT/GB2018/051912) and both a European and US patent application related to identifying insertion/deletion mutation targets (PCT/GB2018/051892).