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Harroud, Adil http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2616-7274
Stridh, Pernilla
McCauley, Jacob L.
Saarela, Janna
van den Bosch, Aletta M. R.
Engelenburg, Hendrik J.
Beecham, Ashley H.
Alfredsson, Lars
Alikhani, Katayoun
Amezcua, Lilyana
Andlauer, Till F. M.
Ban, Maria
Barcellos, Lisa F.
Barizzone, Nadia
Berge, Tone
Berthele, Achim
Bittner, Stefan
Bos, Steffan D.
Briggs, Farren B. S.
Caillier, Stacy J.
Calabresi, Peter A.
Caputo, Domenico
Carmona-Burgos, David X.
Cavalla, Paola
Celius, Elisabeth G.
Cerono, Gabriel
Chinea, Angel R.
Chitnis, Tanuja
Clarelli, Ferdinando
Comabella, Manuel
Comi, Giancarlo
Cotsapas, Chris
Cree, Bruce C. A.
D’Alfonso, Sandra
Dardiotis, Efthimios
De Jager, Philip L.
Delgado, Silvia R.
Dubois, Bénédicte
Engel, Sinah
Esposito, Federica
Fabis-Pedrini, Marzena J.
Filippi, Massimo
Fitzgerald, Kathryn C.
Gasperi, Christiane
Gomez, Lissette
Gomez, Refujia
Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios
Hamann, Jörg
Held, Friederike
Henry, Roland G.
Hillert, Jan
Huang, Jesse
Huitinga, Inge
Islam, Talat
Isobe, Noriko
Jagodic, Maja
Kermode, Allan G.
Khalil, Michael
Kilpatrick, Trevor J.
Konidari, Ioanna
Kreft, Karim L.
Lechner-Scott, Jeannette
Leone, Maurizio
Luessi, Felix
Malhotra, Sunny
Manouchehrinia, Ali
Manrique, Clara P.
Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo
Martinez, Andrea C.
Martinez-Maldonado, Viviana
Mascia, Elisabetta
Metz, Luanne M.
Midaglia, Luciana
Montalban, Xavier
Oksenberg, Jorge R.
Olsson, Tomas
Oturai, Annette
Pääkkönen, Kimmo
Parnell, Grant P.
Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A.
Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.
Piehl, Fredrik
Rubio, Justin P.
Santaniello, Adam
Santoro, Silvia
Schaefer, Catherine
Sellebjerg, Finn
Shams, Hengameh
Shchetynsky, Klementy
Silva, Claudia
Siokas, Vasileios
Søndergaard, Helle B.
Sorosina, Melissa
Taylor, Bruce
Vandebergh, Marijne
Vasileiou, Elena S.
Vecchio, Domizia
Voortman, Margarete M.
Weiner, Howard L.
Wever, Dennis
Yong, V. Wee
Hafler, David A.
Stewart, Graeme J.
Compston, Alastair
Zipp, Frauke
Harbo, Hanne F.
Hemmer, Bernhard
Goris, An
Smolders, Joost
Hauser, Stephen L.
Kockum, Ingrid
Sawcer, Stephen J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7685-0974
Baranzini, Sergio E. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-194X
,
Harroud, Adil
Jónsdóttir, Ingileif
Blanco, Yolanda
Llufriu, Sara
Madireddy, Lohith
Saiz, Albert
Villoslada, Pablo
Stefánsson, Kári
Article History
Received: 3 June 2022
Accepted: 23 May 2023
First Online: 28 June 2023
Competing interests
: T.O. has received compensation for advisory boards/lectures from Biogen, Novartis, Merck and Sanofi, as well as unrestricted MS research grants from the same companies, none of which are related to the current article. A.B. and his institution have received compensation for consultancy, lectures, and participation in clinical trials from Alexion, Biogen, Celgene, Merck, Novartis, Sandoz/Hexal, Sanofi and Roche, all outside the current work. S.R.D. has received compensation for serving on advisory boards from Novartis, and institutional research grant funding from EMD Serono and Novartis, all outside the current work. M.F. is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology, Associate Editor of Human Brain Mapping, Associate Editor of Radiology, and Associate Editor of Neurological Sciences; received compensation for consulting services and/or speaking activities from Alexion, Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; and receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla and ARiSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA). J.L.-S. received travel compensation from Biogen, Merck, Novartis; has been involved in clinical trials with Biogen, Novartis, Roche; her institution has received honoraria for talks and advisory board service from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, all outside the current work. M.J.F.-P. has received travel compensation from Merck outside the current work. A.G.K. has received speaker honoraria and Scientific Advisory Board fees from Bayer, BioCSL, Biogen Idec, Lgpharma, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva, NeuroScientific Biopharmaceuticals, Innate Immunotherapeutics and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, all outside of the current work. F.Z. has recently received research grants and/or consultation funds from Biogen, Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Bristol-Meyers-Squibb, Celgene, German Research Foundation (DFG), Janssen, Max-Planck-Society (MPG), Merck-Serono, Novartis, Progressive MS Alliance (PMSA), Roche, Sanofi Genzyme and Sandoz, all outside of the current work. B.D. has received consulting fees and/or funding from Biogen Idec, BMS, Sanofi-Aventis and Teva. B.D. and A.G. have received consulting/travel fees and/or research funding from Novartis, Roche and Merck, all outside the current work. S.L. received compensation for consulting services and speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Novartis, TEVA, Genzyme, Sanofi and Merck, all outside the current work. S.B. has received honoraria from Biogen Idec, Bristol Meyer Squibbs, Merck Healthcare, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme and TEVA; his research is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), Hertie Foundation and the Hermann and Lilly-Schilling Foundation. F.E. received compensation for consulting services and speaker honoraria from Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Almirall, Teva and Merck-Serono. J. Smolders received consultancy and/or lecture fee from Biogen, Merck, Novartis and Sanofi Genzyme, his institution received research funding by Biogen, GSK, Idorsia and Merck, all outside the current work. B.H. has served on scientific advisory boards for Novartis; he has served as DMSC member for AllergyCare, Polpharma, Sandoz and TG therapeutics; his institution received research grants from Regeneron and Roche for MS research. He holds part of two patents; one for the detection of antibodies against KIR4.1 in a subpopulation of patients with MS and one for genetic determinants of neutralizing antibodies to interferon. J. Saarela received speaker honoraria and a research grant for rare diseases from Sanofi Genzyme, and is a founder and minority shareholder of the University of Helsinki spin-off company VEIL.AI. J.L.M. has participated in advisory board meetings for Sanofi Genzyme and received research funding from Genentech, Biogen Idec and the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation. N.A.P. is currently an employee of Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR). K. Stefánsson and I.J. are employees of the biotechnology company deCODE genetics/AMGEN. L. Amezcua reports personal compensation for consulting and serving on steering committees or advisory boards for Biogen Idec, Novartis, Genentech, EMD Serono, and research funding from the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, NMSS, Race to Erase MS and NIH NINDS. P.C. reports consulting fees from Biogen, Nervgen, Idorsia, Avidea (now Vaccitech) and Disarm Therapeutics (now Lilly); research grant support from Genentech. A.R.C. reports personal compensation for participating as active speaker, consulting and serving on steering committees or advisory boards for Biogen Idec, Novartis, Genentech, EMD Serono, Bristol-Myers Squib, Sanofi Genzyme, Banner Life Sciences, Alexion and Horizon. The other authors declare no competing interests.