Document is current

Article History

Received: 22 September 2023

Accepted: 26 June 2024

First Online: 4 September 2024

Competing interests

: C.A.V. consults for organizations active in the waste, resources and circular economy sphere. He receives funding from UKRI, GCRF, NERC, ESRC, BBSRC, Royal Academy of Engineering, British Council, Innovate UK, EC H2020, World Bank Group, OECD, GIZ, UN-Habitat, UNESCAP, UNOPS, The Pew Charitable Trusts, IGES, ISWA, GRID-Arendal, Swedish EPA and SYSTEMIQ. He is affiliated with the International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), the Scientist’s Coalition for an Effective Plastics Treaty and the Innovation Alliance for a Global Plastics Treaty. The University of Leeds has memorandums of understanding with the Alliance To End Plastic Waste and the United Nations Environment Global Partnership on Plastic Pollution and Marine Litter (GPML), which refer to plastic pollution databases. E.C. has consulted for Tearfund.