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Article History

Received: 28 April 2023

Accepted: 14 August 2024

First Online: 9 October 2024

Competing interests

: B.M.F.: consulting or advisory role for QED therapeutics, Boston Gene, Astrin Biosciences Merck, Immunomedics/Gilead, QED therapeutics, Guardant and Janssen; patent royalties from Immunomedics/Gilead; research support from Eli Lilly; and honoraria from Urotoday. O.E.: stock and other ownership interests from Freenome, OneThree Biotech, Owkin and Volastra Therapeutics, and personal fees from Pionyr Immunotherapeutics and Champions Oncology. S.T.T.: consulting or advisory role for 4D Pharma, Abbvie, AIkido Pharma, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Blue Earth Diagnostics, Clarity Pharmaceuticals, Clovis Oncology, Convergent Therapeutics, Dendreon, Endocyte, Genentech, Genomic Health, Gilead Sciences, Immunomedics, Janssen, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Medivation, Myovant Sciences, Novartis, Pfizer, POINT Biopharma, QED Therapeutics, Sanofi, Seagen, Telix Pharmaceuticals and Tolmar; research funding from Abbvie, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, AVEO, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis Oncology, Dendreon, Endocyte, Exelixis, Genentech, Immunomedics, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Lilly, Medivation, Merck, Millennium, Newlink Genetics, Novartis, POINT Biopharma, Progenics, Rexahn Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi and Stem CentRx; patents, royalties, other intellectual property or patent royalty from Immunomedics/Gilead; travel, accommodation and expenses from Amgen, Immunomedics and Sanofi; and uncompensated relationships from ATLAB Pharma and Phosplatin Therapeutics. D.M.N.: consulting or advisory role for AstraZeneca, and research funding from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clovis Oncology, Exelixis, Immumedics, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and Zenith Epigenetics. J.T.N.: consulting or advisory role for AIQ Solutions, and travel, accommodation or expenses from Digital Science Press. C.N.S.: consulting or advisory role for Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Medarex, Foundation Medicine, Genzyme, Immunomedics, IMPAC Medical Systems, Incyte, Medscape, Merck, MSD, Pfizer, Roche and UroToday. A.M.M.: consulting or advisory role for Eisai, Exelixis and Janssen. J.M.M.: research funding from Personal Genome Diagnostics, and travel, accommodation or expenses from Personal Genome Diagnostics. D.S.: research funding from Urogen Pharma, Cepheid, Anchiano and CryoLife. P.A.: stock and other ownership interests with Abyost Pharmaceuticals; consulting or advisory role for ArTara Therapeutics; research funding from Adaptive Biotechnologies, Janssen Oncology and natera; and patents, royalties or other intellectual property from intravesical imidazolium compounds and urine biomarkers patent application. D.D.N., W.F.H., T.R.C., H.G., J.M.S., M. Shah, Z.R.G., L.W., A.H., M. Sigouros, J. Manohar, J. Moyer, M.A.A., A. Semaan, S.C., F.M.R., D.W., M.O., R.R.S., W.L., H.L.V., A. Sboner, G.I. and N.R. declare no competing interests.