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Authors
Kilgard, Michael P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6699-1818
Epperson, Joseph D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6430-8472
Adehunoluwa, Emmanuel A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5369-6959
Swank, Chad
Porter, Amy L.
Pruitt, David T.
Gallaway, Holle L.
Stevens, Christi
Gillespie, Jaime
Arnold, Dannae
Powers, Mark B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-073X
Hamilton, Rita G.
Naftalis, Richard C.
Foreman, Michael L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5790-0681
Wigginton, Jane G. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8547-1459
Hays, Seth A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-241X
Rennaker, Robert L.
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Article History
Received: 22 August 2024
Accepted: 15 April 2025
First Online: 21 May 2025
Competing interests
: M.P.K. has a financial interest in MicroTransponder Inc., which markets VNS therapy for stroke. R.L.R. is the founder and CEO of XNerve, which developed the VNS device used in this study. The other authors declare no competing interests.
