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Authors
Shi, Guangbin https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1679-4355
Miller, Claire
Kuno, Sota https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-4437
Rey Hipolito, Alejandro G.
El Nagar, Salsabiel
Riboldi, Giulietta M.
Korn, Megan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-2013
Tran, Wyatt C. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6162-6261
Wang, Zixuan
Ficaro, Lia
Lin, Tao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-067X
Spillier, Quentin
Gamallo-Lana, Begoña
Jones, Drew R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-9818
Snuderl, Matija
Song, Soomin C.
Mar, Adam C.
Joyner, Alexandra L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7090-9605
Sillitoe, Roy V.
Banh, Robert S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1959-4622
Pacold, Michael E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3688-2378
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Article History
Received: 30 April 2024
Accepted: 5 June 2025
First Online: 9 July 2025
Competing interests
: G.S., Q.S., R.S.B. and M.E.P. are co-inventors on patents related to the use of 4-HMA, 4-HB and analogues in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodevelopmental and other diseases assigned to New York University. M.E.P. directly supervised the preclinical research. The treatment was conducted and supervised by C.M. and G.M.R. under an institutional conflict-of-interest management plan designed and implemented by NYU Langone Health in accordance with its policies. M.E.P. consulted on the clinical protocol and C.M. and G.M.R. directed the course of treatment in accordance with the institutional plan. Financial support for the clinical treatment was provided by the Pershing Square Foundation. The other authors declare no competing interests.
