Llorente, Cristina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-9186
Raya Tonetti, Fernanda
Bruellman, Ryan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4450-5508
Brea, Rocío
Pell, Nuria
Hartmann, Phillipp
Maccioni, Luca
Han, Hui
Cabré, Noemí
Liu, Junlai
Eguileor, Alvaro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-6762
Fondevila, Marcos F.
Meijnikman, Abraham S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-4656
Hsu, Cynthia L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2604-1340
Alghafri, Ameera
Zhou, Rongrong
Gao, Bei
Duan, Yi
Zhang, Peng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0469-7151
Febbraio, Mark A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9296-4418
Taniguchi, Koji
Newberry, Rodney D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4152-5191
Fouts, Derrick E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4323-7668
Brenner, David A.
Stärkel, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-4442
Karin, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2758-6473
Schnabl, Bernd https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-825X
Article History
Received: 25 March 2021
Accepted: 11 July 2025
First Online: 20 August 2025
Competing interests
: B.S. has consulted for Ferring Research Institute, HOST Therabiomics, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Mabwell Therapeutics, Patara Pharmaceuticals, Surrozen and Takeda. P.H.’s institution, UC San Diego, has received research support from Nterica Bio. B.S.’s institution, UC San Diego, has received research support from Axial Biotherapeutics, BiomX, ChromoLogic, CymaBay Therapeutics, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Prodigy Biotech and Synlogic Operating Company. B.S. is the founder of Nterica Bio. UC San Diego has filed several patents with C.L., C.L.H., Y.D. and B.S. listed as inventors related to this work. M.A.F. is the founder and shareholder of Celesta Therapeutics. M.K. received research support from Jansen Pharmaceuticals, Merck and Gossamer Bio and is a founder of Elgia Bio. The other authors declare no competing interests.