Ireland, Abbie S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-7239
Xie, Daniel A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7777-1781
Hawgood, Sarah B. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5983-8790
Barbier, Margaret W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-1300
Zuo, Lisa Y.
Hanna, Benjamin E.
Lucas-Randolph, Scarlett
Tyson, Darren R.
Witt, Benjamin L.
Govindan, Ramaswamy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6964-9612
Dowlati, Afshin
Moser, Justin C.
Thomas, Anish
Puri, Sonam
Rudin, Charles M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5204-3465
Chan, Joseph M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-7395
Elliott, Andrew
Oliver, Trudy G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2082-2397
Article History
Received: 13 November 2024
Accepted: 7 August 2025
First Online: 17 September 2025
Competing interests
: T.G.O. has a patent related to SCLC subtypes (US12188095-B2), a sponsored research agreement with Auron Therapeutics, has consulted for Nuage Therapeutics and Light Horse Therapeutics and served on the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) for Lung Cancer Research Foundation and as a consulting editor for Cancer Research and Genes & Development . C.M.R. has consulted regarding oncology drug development with AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Jazz, and receives licencing fees for DLL3-directed therapies. He serves on the SABs of Auron Therapeutics, DISCO, EARLI and Harpoon Therapeutics. A.D. serves on SABs for Jazz, AstraZeneca and Amgen. A.E. reports employment and stock options with Caris Life Sciences. J.M.C. has consulted for Sonata Therapeutics. A.T. received grants to the NCI from EMD Serono Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gilead Sciences and ProLynx. J.C.M. has consulted for IQVIA, Genome Insights, Incyte, Novotech, Red Arrow Therapeutics, Pfizer, Vilya, Replimune and Iovance, and received honoraria from and advised for Caris Life Sciences. D.R.T. is on the SAB of Vrise Therapeutics. S.P. has consulted for Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Johnson & Johnson, Novocure, OncoHost and Takeda Pharmaceuticals. The other authors declare no competing interests. Diversity, equity, ethics, and inclusion: We included sex balance in the selection of human and non-human participants. One or more authors of this paper self-identify as people from sexual and gender minorities.