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Authors
Bland, Matthew P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7274-6931
Bahrami, Faranak https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-8355
Martinez, Jeronimo G. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5878-0618
Prestegaard, Paal H. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6281-1778
Smitham, Basil M.
Joshi, Atharv
Hedrick, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9970-9871
Kumar, Shashwat https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4012-9190
Yang, Ambrose
Pakpour-Tabrizi, Alexander C.
Jindal, Apoorv https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1003-0778
Chang, Ray D.
Cheng, Guangming https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5852-1341
Yao, Nan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-1495
Cava, Robert J.
de Leon, Nathalie P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-1412
Houck, Andrew A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-5874
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Article History
Received: 28 March 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Competing interests
: A.A.H., Princeton University professor, is also a consultant for Quantum Circuits, Inc. (QCI). As a result of his income from QCI, Princeton University has a management plan in place to mitigate a potential conflict of interest that could affect the design, conduct and reporting of this research. N.P.d.L., Princeton University professor, is a visiting faculty researcher with Google Quantum AI. As a result of her income from Google, Princeton University has a management plan in place to mitigate a potential conflict of interest that could affect the design, conduct and reporting of this research. Her academic group also has a sponsored research contract with Google Quantum AI. A.A.H., N.P.d.L., R.J.C. and B.M.S. hold a patent relevant to the work (patent no. WO2021096955) and A.A.H., N.P.d.L., F.B., M.B., A.J., and B.M.S. have also filed provisional patents directly arising from the results detailed in this manuscript.
