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Authors
Asnicar, Francesco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-1468
Manghi, Paolo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0846-6529
Fackelmann, Gloria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-5983
Baldanzi, Gabriel
Bakker, Elco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7140
Ricci, Liviana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-9235
Piccinno, Gianmarco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1947-1817
Piperni, Elisa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9361-7875
Mladenovic, Katarina https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6181-0296
Amati, Federica
Arrè, Alberto
Ganesh, Sajaysurya
Giordano, Francesca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-2081
Davies, Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-3994
Wolf, Jonathan
Bermingham, Kate M.
Berry, Sarah E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-5109
Spector, Tim D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-0365
Segata, Nicola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1583-5794
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Article History
Received: 29 May 2024
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Competing interests
: J.W. and T.D.S. are co-founders of ZOE Ltd.—a commercial initiative active in the field of personalized nutrition—and owners of the ZOE PREDICT studies. E.B., F. Amati, A.A., S.G., F.G., R.D., J.W. and K.M.B. are, or have been, employees of Zoe Ltd. F. Asnicar, S.E.B., T.D.S. and N.S. are consultants to ZOE Ltd. F. Asnicar, R.D., J.W., S.E.B., T.D.S. and N.S. receive options with ZOE Ltd. All other authors declare no competing interests. Zoe Ltd. holds the following patent applications on the SGBs ranking: PCT (World) patent pending applications PCT/EP2024/058262, PCT/EP2024/058286 and PCT/EP2024/058290.
