Lan, Yuqun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-7461
Li, Shuang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2288-3655
Guo, Haitao
Liu, Qinyuan
Wang, Tairan
Zhou, Lianqiao
Fang, Jiahuiyu
Zhao, Yang
Zhou, Zanxin
Wang, Qi
Li, Jing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-4525
Zhu, Yiping
Su, Rongfang
Wen, Xinyi
Xu, Xinkai https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2241-8030
Wu, Yuhong
Wang, Zixuan
Liu, Bo
Li, Jiaqi
Li, Hui https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4788-2055
Gao, Hanfei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-2780
Wu, Yuchen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3451-7062
Gu, Qi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9387-9525
Feng, Xi-Qiao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-7979
Yu, Xinge https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-1171
Su, Yewang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5961-0490
Article History
Received: 2 August 2024
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Competing interests
: S.L. and X.-Q.F. are inventors on a patent application (CN202311773783.2) that describes an early version of the readout system. Y.S., Y.L. and S.L. are inventors on two other patent applications (CN202511447742.3 and CN202511447887.3) that are more closely related to the readout system and sensor design reported in this study. All patents are pending. The other authors declare no competing interests.