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Mahmood, Malaika
Wooldridge, Lisa M.
Wachira, Meghan
Jo, Adrienne Y.
Sandoval Ortega, Raquel Adaia
Wojick, Jessica A.
Beattie, Katherine
Farinas, Sofia A.
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Lo, Emily
Azouz, Ghalia
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Banghart, Matthew R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7248-2932
Beier, Kevin T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-1338
Creasy, Kate Townsend https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-4586
Crist, Richard C.
Ramakrishnan, Charu
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Deisseroth, Karl https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9440-3967
Yttri, Eric A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7214-1481
Corder, Gregory https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-0773
Article History
Received: 19 August 2024
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Competing interests
: G.C., K.D., C.R. and G.J.S. are listed as inventors on a provisional patent application filed through the University of Pennsylvania and Stanford University about the custom sequences used to develop and the applications of synthetic opioid promoters (patent application no. 63/383,462 462 ‘Human and Murine Oprm1 Promotes and Uses Thereof’). The other authors declare no competing interests.