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Le Quesne, John https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3552-7446
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Tejpar, Sabine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-8643
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2024
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Competing interests
: M.W. declares honoraria from Servier; and travel, accommodation and/or expenses from Servier and Merck unrelated to this research. S.S. declares ownership of PathGen Diagnostik Teknologi unrelated to this research. J.S.G. declares external funding from Pierre Fabre and Merck unrelated to this research. S.J.R. and S.T.B. are employees of and shareholders in AstraZeneca. R.H.W. declares honoraria from Servier; consultancy and/or advisory for Alcimed, Amgen, Amphista Therapeutics, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, CV6 therapeutics, Nucana, Pierre Fabre and the RIN Institute; and travel, accommodation and/or expenses from Amgen, Merck KGaA, NuCAna, Pierre Fabre and Takeda, all unrelated to this research. S.T. declares honoraria from Merck Serono, Regeneron, BMS, MSD, Roche and Sanofi; consultancy and/or advisory for Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Serono, Regeneron and Roche/Genentech; and travel, accommodation and/or expenses from Amgen, Bayer, Merck Serono, Roche and Sanofi, all unrelated to this research. A.D.C. declares external funding from AstraZeneca. O.J.S. declares external funding from AstraZeneca, and funding from Novartis and Boehringer Ingelheim unrelated to this research. The other authors declare no competing interests.