Robinson, Noah Evan
Zhang, Weilin
Ghosh, Rajesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7408-8944
Gerber, Bryan
Zhang, Hanqiao
Sanfiorenzo, Charles
Wang, Sixiang https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0441-1930
Di Carlo, Dino https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3942-4284
Wang, Kaihang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7657-8755
Article History
Received: 20 December 2024
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 21 January 2026
Competing interests
: N.E.R. and K.W. are co-founders of Genyro. C.S. and K.W. are co-founders of Syntaxa. Neither company is involved in this study. A patent application on DNA assembly methods described in this paper has been filed by California Institute of Technology. UCLA and D.D. have financial interests in Saku Biosciences, which has licensed patents filed by UCLA related to the hydrogel microgel colony selection technology. The other authors declare no competing interests.