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Article History

Received: 6 July 2025

Accepted: 5 December 2025

First Online: 4 February 2026

Competing interests

: H.Z. has served on the scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, ScandiBio Therapeutics, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics and Wave; has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, LabCorp, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Oy Medix Biochemica AB, Roche and WebMD; is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program; and is a shareholder of MicThera (outside the submitted work). B.B.B. has received consulting fees from New Amsterdam, Cognito Therapeutics and Merry Life Biomedical. B.B.B. is the founder of Cognovance. Support for meeting attendance includes funding from the Alzheimer’s Association. B.B.B. has served on advisory boards, including the Weston Advisor Grant, the Rush ADRC External Advisory Board and the Emory ADRC External Advisory Board. Amyloid and tau PET tracers and precursors used in B.B.B.’s research were provided by AVID Radiopharmaceuticals under a materials transfer agreement for previous studies.