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Authors
Ren, Jianxun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-4546
Zhang, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-7391
Dahmani, Louisa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1335-6340
Gordon, Evan M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2276-5237
Li, Shenshen
Zhou, Ying
Long, Yang
Huang, Jianting
Zhu, Yafei
Guo, Ning
Jiang, Changqing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1666-8120
Zhang, Feng
Bai, Yan
Wei, Wei
Wu, Yaping
Bush, Alan
Vissani, Matteo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-7620
Wei, Luhua
Oehrn, Carina R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8451-7960
Morrison, Melanie A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5993-0515
Zhu, Ying
Zhang, Chencheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4472-4134
Hu, Qingyu https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5968-7854
Yin, Yilin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5904-9034
Cui, Weigang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7983-9161
Fu, Xiaoxuan
Zhang, Ping
Wang, Weiwei
Ji, Gong-Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-5534
He, Ji
Wang, Kai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-914X
Fan, Dongsheng
Wang, Zhaoxia
Kimberley, Teresa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-4054
Little, Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6249-6230
Starr, Philip A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2733-4003
Richardson, Robert Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-7387
Li, Luming
Wang, Meiyun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4454-5005
Wang, Danhong https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5239-6188
Dosenbach, Nico U. F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6876-7078
Liu, Hesheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-1509
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Article History
Received: 30 October 2024
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 4 February 2026
Competing interests
: H.L. is the chief scientist of Neural Galaxy. C.J. serves on the scientific advisory board for Beijing Pins Medical. C.J. is listed as an inventor in issued patents and patent applications on the deep brain stimulator used in this work. N.U.F.D. has a financial interest in Turing Medical and may financially benefit if the company is successful in marketing FIRMM motion monitoring software products. E.M.G. and N.U.F.D. may receive royalty income based on FIRMM technology developed at Washington University School of Medicine and licensed to Turing Medical. N.U.F.D. is a co-founder of Turing Medical. These potential conflicts of interest have been reviewed and are managed by Washington University School of Medicine. S.L. consults for Iota Biosciences. P.A.S. receives support from Medtronic and Boston Scientific for fellowship education. The other authors declare no competing interests.
