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Authors
Wei, Xinwei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3058-2817
Buse, John B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9723-3876
Chen, Hongming
Desai, Tejal A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3409-9208
Stevens, Molly M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-266X
Traverso, Giovanni https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7851-4077
Langer, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-0492
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2024
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Competing interests
: Z.G. is the co-founder of Zenomics Inc., ZCapsule Inc. and μZen Inc. For a list of entities with which R.L. is, or has been recently (last five years) involved, compensated or uncompensated, see Supplementary Data . Complete details of all relationships for profit and not for profit for G.T. can be found in Supplementary Data . M.M.S. has invested in, consults for (or was on scientific advisory boards or boards of directors) and conducts sponsored research funded by companies related to the biomaterials field. Related to the delivery field M.M.S. has interests in CipherX Technologies Ltd, Nanovation Therapeutics, Outfox Bio Ltd, Nanograb Ltd, Sensible Biotechnologies Ltd, Nanocell Therapeutics and Sparta Biodiscovery Ltd. J.B.B. reports research support from Corcept, Dexcom and Novo Nordisk; consulting fees from Alkahest, Altimmune, Anji, Aqua Medical Inc, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, CeQur, Corcept Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, embecta, GentiBio, Glyscend, Insulet, Medtronic MiniMed, Mellitus Health, Metsera, Moderna, Novo Nordisk, Pendulum Therapeutics, Praetego, Stability Health, Tandem, Terns Inc and Vertex; and stock options from Glyscend, Mellitus Health, Pendulum Therapeutics, Praetego and Stability Health. The other authors declare no competing interests.
