Tou, Connor J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2444-4215
Xie, Keqiang https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8320-5165
Ferreira da Silva, Joana
Kalailingam, Pazhanichamy
Amar-Lewis, Eliz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-9780
Rufino-Ramos, David
Sawyer, William
Eller, Madeline L. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6484-0727
Starzyk, Jakob https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1559-6664
Majumdar, Ishita
Wang, Jiao
Lee, Danna
Yang, Shaobo https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5257-6775
Meis, Ronald J.
Dahl, Gary A.
Li, Jiahe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9889-8546
Shan, Richard
Artzi, Natalie
Musolino, Patricia L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8724-5649
Wu, Hao https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3249-2428
Kleinstiver, Benjamin P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5469-0655
Article History
Received: 10 October 2024
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Competing interests
: C.J.T. and B.P.K. are listed as inventors on a patent application filed by Mass General Brigham (MGB) that describes INSTALL. C.J.T., J.F.d.S. and B.P.K. are listed as inventors on additional patents or patent applications filed by MGB that describe genome engineering technologies related to the current study. K.X., R.S. and H.W. are listed as inventors on patent applications filed by Full Circles Therapeutics that describe the production and use of cssDNA. K.X., J.S., I.M., J.W., D.L., R.S. and H.W. are current or former employees of Full Circles Therapeutics. P.L.M. holds scientific research agreements with Angea Biotherapeutics and Minoryx and has provided consultation for Capsida, Astellas, Ionis, Biogen, Vertex, Bluebird, Atlas Ventures and Inozyme. P.L.M. reports grants to Massachusetts General Hospital from the NIH for research on ALD and genome editing on genetic vasculopathies and extracellular matrix disorders. B.P.K. is a consultant for Novartis Venture Fund, Generation Bio and Jumble Therapeutics, and is on the scientific advisory boards of Life Edit Therapeutics and Prime Medicine. B.P.K. has a financial interest in Prime Medicine, a company developing therapeutic CRISPR–Cas technologies for gene editing. B.P.K.’s interests were reviewed and are managed by MGH and MGB in accordance with their conflict-of-interest policies. The other authors declare no competing interests.