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Article History

Received: 20 December 2024

Accepted: 11 March 2026

First Online: 6 May 2026

Competing interests

: C.J.L. receives and/or has received research funding from AstraZeneca, Merck KGaA, Artios, Neophore and FoRx; receives and/or has received consultancy, scientific advisory board membership or honoraria payments from FoRx, Syncona, Sun Pharma, Gerson Lehrman Group, Merck KGaA, Vertex, AstraZeneca, Tango Therapeutics, 3rd Rock, Ono Pharma, Artios, Abingworth, Tesselate, Dark Blue Therapeutics, Pontifax, Astex, Neophore, GlaxoSmithKline, Dawn Bioventures, Blacksmith Medicines, ForEx and Ariceum; has stock in Tango, Ovibio, Hysplex, Tesselate and Ariceum; and is also a named inventor on patents describing the use of DNA repair inhibitors and stands to gain from their development and use as part of the ICR ‘Rewards to Inventors’ scheme, and also reports benefits from this scheme associated with patents for PARPi paid into C.J.L.’s personal account and research accounts at the Institute of Cancer Research. A.N.J.T. receives and/or has received research funding from AstraZeneca, Myriad, Medivation, Merck KGaA, Neophore, Guardant Health and FoRX Therapeutics; is or has been a consultant for AstraZeneca, Merck KGaA, Artios, Pfizer, Vertex, GE Healthcare, Guardant Health, Gilead and FoRX Therapeutics; is a stockholder in Inbiomotion; and is also a named inventor on patents describing the use of DNA repair inhibitors and stands to gain from their development and use as part of the ICR ‘Rewards to Inventors’ scheme, and also reports benefits from this scheme associated with patents for PARPi paid into A.N.J.T.’s personal account and research accounts at the Institute of Cancer Research. A.A. is a co-founder of Azkarra Therapeutics, Kytarro, Ovibio Corporation, Tango Therapeutics and Tiller Tx; a member of the board of Cambridge Science Corporation, Cytomx and Ovibio; a member of the scientific advisory board of Ambagon, Bluestar/Clearnote Health, Circle, GLAdiator, HAP10, Interdict Bio, Earli, ORIC, Phoenix Molecular Designs, Trial Library and Yingli/280Bio; a consultant for Next RNA, Novartis and ProLynx; and holds patents on the use of PARPi held jointly with AstraZeneca from which he has benefited financially (and may do so in the future).