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Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 11 March 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Competing interests
: H.G. is a board member of the Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, coordinator of PCM4EU, co-coordinator of PRIME-ROSE and a member of the advisory committee of health care reimbursement (ACP) of Zorginstituut Nederland. E.E.V. is founder and current member of the supervisory board of the Hartwig Medical Foundation, independent non-executive director and shareholder of Sanofi, co-founder and shareholder of Mosaic Therapeutics and a board member and founder of the Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment. E.E.V. has received clinical study grants from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clovis, Eisai, Eli Lilly, GSK, Ipsen, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and Sanofi, all paid to the Netherlands Cancer Institute. The other authors declare no competing interests.