Jiang, Shuaibing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-0587
Bao, Guangyu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5794-9020
Yang, Zhen
Wu, Jing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0333-7720
Yang, Xingwei
Kim, Joo Eun June
Jiang, Roselyn https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-5056
Zhan, Ying
Nottegar, Alexander
Liu, Yin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-2301
Gao, Zu-hua https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7232-0933
Beckett, Andrew
Nijnik, Anastasia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6048-4631
Long, Rong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-2420
Kastrup, Christian
Li, Jianyu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1128-6804
Article History
Received: 4 September 2023
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Competing interests
: S.J., G.B., A. Nottegar and J.L. are inventors of a provisional patent application (PCT/CA2024/051494) that covers the design and application of tough cytogels. The other authors declare no competing interests.