Updates are available Correction dated 2026-05-18
Click to view Correction: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10619-z
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Authors
Liskiewicz, Daniela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5859-6316
Novikoff, Aaron
Khalil, Ahmed https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2204-8636
Akindehin, Seun
Campbell, Jonathan E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-6331
Candela, Pietra
Castelino, Russell L. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7446-6299
Coupland, Callum
Culot, Maxime https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-0867
Dodson, W. Scott
Douros, Jonathan D.
Embring, Hannes
Feuchtinger, Annette
Finan, Brian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1178-8481
Garcia-Caceres, Cristina
Gao, Xiao-Bing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-4936
Gosselet, Fabien https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0481-5026
Grandl, Gerald https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-1988
Gutgesell, Robert M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6137-0468
Haas, Daniel T.
Jastroch, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0358-3865
Karaoglu, Ezgi https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2639-6015
Kakimoto, Pamela
Kaltenbach, Anna Cristina https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3196-5288
Keuper, Michaela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0319-3509
Kusminski, Christine M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3671-0341
Leander, Danielle C. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7507-001X
Liskiewicz, Arkadiusz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-5373
Liu, Xue
Maity-Kumar, Gandhari
Martinez, Sara Martinez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-9083
Mowery, Stephanie A.
Nogueiras, Ruben https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-9930
Paisley, Marshall
Perez-Tilve, Diego
Petersen, Patricia S. S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2560-1446
Pfluger, Paul T.
Prakash, Sneha
Steffens, Sabine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6892-9751
Cebrian-Serrano, Alberto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-0215
Tost, Monica
Wean, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9459-0093
Weber, Christian
Yoshida, Junichi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-4258
Gerhart-Hines, Zachary https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-4991
Horvath, Tamas L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7522-4602
Scherer, Philipp E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-3392
Seeley, Randy J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3721-5625
DiMarchi, Richard D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0220-4085
Tschöp, Matthias H.
Krahmer, Natalie
Knerr, Patrick J.
Müller, Timo D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-9339
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Article History
Received: 19 April 2025
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Change Date: 17 June 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: In the version of this article initially published online, there were duplication errors in the Extended Data Fig. 3a Source Data, which are now replaced in the HTML version of the article.
Change Date: 18 May 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10619-z
Competing interests
: M.H.T. is a member of the scientific advisory board of ERX Pharmaceuticals, was a member of the Research Cluster Advisory Panel (ReCAP) of the Novo Nordisk Foundation between 2017 and 2019, attended a scientific advisory board meeting of the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, in 2016, received funding for research projects from Novo Nordisk (2016–2020) and Sanofi-Aventis (2012–2019), and was a consultant for Bionorica SE (2013–2017), Menarini Ricerche S.p.A. (2016) and Bayer Pharma AG Berlin (2016). As former director of the Helmholtz Diabetes Center and the Institute for Diabetes and Obesity at Helmholtz Zentrum München (2011–2018), and since 2018, as CEO of Helmholtz Zentrum München, M.H.T. has been responsible for collaborations with a multitude of companies and institutions worldwide. In this capacity, M.H.T. discussed potential projects with and has signed/signs contracts for his institute(s) and for the staff for research funding and/or collaborations with industry and academia worldwide, including but not limited to pharmaceutical corporations such as Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Medigene, Arbormed, BioSyngen and others. In this role, M.H.T. was/is further responsible for commercial technology transfer activities of the institute(s), including diabetes related patent portfolios of Helmholtz Zentrum München such as WO/2016/188932 A2 or WO/2017/194499 A1. M.H.T. confirms that to the best of his knowledge none of the above funding sources were involved in the preparation of this paper. T.D.M. holds stock from Eli Lilly and receives research funding from Novo Nordisk. T.D.M. has further received speaking fees from Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, AstraZeneca and Mercodia. J.E.C. received funding from Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Merck, Structure Therapeutics and Prostasis. J.E.C. has served as an advisor/consultant in the past 12 months to Arrowhead Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Neurocrine Biosciences, Prostasis, Protagonist and Structure Therapeutics. R.D.D. is a co-inventor on intellectual property owned by Indiana University and licensed to Novo Nordisk. R.D.D., B.F., J.D.D., S.A.M. and P.J.K. were previously employed by Novo Nordisk. J.D.D., S.A.M. and P.J.K. receive research funding from Eli Lilly and are co-founders and shareholders in Volari Therapeutics, both unrelated to this work. P.T.P. received speaker honoraria from Novo Nordisk. B.F. is a current employee of Eli Lilly. R.J.S. has received research support from Novo Nordisk, Fractyl, AstraZeneca, Congruence Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, Bullfrog AI, Glyscend Therapeutics and Amgen. R.J.S. has served as a paid consultant for Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, CinRx, Fractyl, Structure Therapeutics, Crinetics, Amgen, Congruence Therapeutics and Nuanced Health. R.J.S. has equity in Nuanced Health, Coro Bio. Fractyl and Rewind. The other authors declare no competing interests.
