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Authors
Hessey, Sonya
Bunkum, Abigail https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-9421
Huebner, Ariana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8009-4999
Haase, Kerstin
Grigoriadis, Kristiana
Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-0307
Liu, Wing Kin
Harrigan, Caitlin F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-9648
Grieco, Charlotte
Marinelli, Daniele https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-363X
Ding, Boyue
Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-0565
Pawlik, Piotr
Hill, Mark S.
Lucas, Olivia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-7767
Richard, Corentin
Pich, Oriol https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1956-1882
Thol, Kerstin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4624-118X
Karasaki, Takahiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6863-2360
Ward, Sophia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6777-5279
Athanasopoulou, Foteini
Sivakumar, Monica
Veeriah, Selvaraju
Toncheva, Antonia
Rowan, Andrew J.
Prymas, Paulina
Bridger, Hayley
Mitchison, Miriam
Borg, Elaine
Falzon, Mary
Proctor, Ian
Mahadeva, Ula
Green, Anna
Forster, Martin D.
Benafif, Sarah
Ahmad, Tanya
Lee, Siow Ming
Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis
Naidu, Babu
Langman, Gerald
Krebs, Matthew G.
Oliveira, Pedro
Blackhall, Fiona H.
Summers, Yvonne
Weaver, Jamie
Le Quesne, John https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3552-7446
Thomas, Anne
Richards, Cathy
Fennell, Dean A.
Jogai, Sanjay
Cave, Judith
Roxburgh, Patricia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9869-591X
Fraser, Sioban
Kirk, Alan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-523X
Blyth, Kevin G.
Russell, Peter
Hiley, Crispin T.
Hackshaw, Allan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-5070
,
Le Quesne, John
Lester, Jason F.
Bajaj, Amrita
Nakas, Apostolos
Sodha-Ramdeen, Azmina
Wilson, Claire
Scotland, Molly
Boyles, Rebecca
Dulloo, Sean
Rathinam, Sridhar
Matharu, Gurdeep
Shaw, Jacqui A.
Boleti, Ekaterini
Cheyne, Heather
Price, Gillian
Kerr, Keith M.
Khalil, Mohammed
Richardson, Shirley
Cruickshank, Tracey
French, Jack
Gilbert, Kayleigh
Patel, Akshay J.
Osman, Aya
Middleton, Gary
Shackleford, Helen
Djearaman, Madava
Sangha, Mandeesh
Leek, Angela
Atkin, Adam
Chaturvedi, Anshuman
Paiva-Correia, Antonio
Lindsay, Colin R.
Fontaine, Eustace
Granato, Felice
Davies Hodgkinson, Jack
Novasio, Juliette
Brown, Katherine D.
Rammohan, Kandadai
Joseph, Leena
Carter, Mathew
Totton, Nicola
Bishop, Paul
Crosbie, Philip A. J.
Waplington, Sara
Tugwood, Jonathan
Dive, Caroline
Aerts, Hugo JWL
Wilson, Gareth A.
Leppä, Aino-Maija
Azizi, Alexander A.
Liu, Lydia Y.
Demeulemeester, Jonas
Diossy, Miklos
Birkbak, Nicolai J.
Van Loo, Peter
Rosenthal, Rachel
Salgado, Roberto
Schwarz, Roland F.
Kaufmann, Tom L.
Szallasi, Zoltan
Frankell, Alexander M.
Dwornik, Angela
Karamani, Angeliki
Grimes, Karen
Chain, Benny
Castignani, Carla
Bailey, Chris
Murphy, Cian
Weeden, Clare E.
Puttick, Clare
Pearce, David R.
Karagianni, Despoina
Brempou, Dimitria
Lim, Emilia L.
Colliver, Emma C.
Hazelwood, Emma
Nye, Emma
Sahai, Erik
Grönroos, Eva
Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco
Foulds, Gemma
Kassiotis, George
Moth, Georgia
Stavrou, Georgia
Lowe, Helen L.
Usaite, Ieva
Mladenova, Iva
Goldman, Jacki
Reading, James L.
Black, James R. M.
Rane, Jayant K.
Kittel, Jeanette
Hartley, John A.
Martin Arana, Jorge
Peggs, Karl S.
Enfield, Katey S. S.
Honan, Katherine
Selvaraju, Kayalvizhi
Koh, Kexin
Thakkar, Krupa
Ensell, Leah
Patruno, Lucrezia
Al Bakir, Maise
Shah, Mansi
Litovchenko, Maria
Zagorulya, Maria
Magala, Michalina
Leung, Michelle M.
Escudero, Mickael
Angelova, Mihaela
Kanu, Nnennaya
Shutkever, Oliver
Hobson, Philip
Stone, Richard Kevin
Zaidi, Rija
Bentham, Robert
Goldstone, Robert
Vendramin, Roberto
Saghafinia, Sadegh
Gamble, Samuel
Ung, Seng Kuong Anakin
Quezada, Sergio A.
Vanloo, Sharon
Harries, Sian
Boeing, Stefan
Beck, Stephan
Bola, Supreet Kaur
Marafioti, Teresa
Visakan, Theepan
Watkins, Thomas B. K.
Jones, Thomas Patrick
Spanswick, Victoria
Barbè, Vittorio
Lu, Wei-Ting
Hill, William
Zhang, Woody Z.
Wu, Yin
Naito, Yutaka
Ramsden, Zoe
Veiga, Catarina
Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine
Fraioli, Francesco
Royle, Gary
Ashford, Paul
Procter, Alexander James
Nair, Arjun
Ahmed, Asia
Lawrence, David
Patrini, Davide
Martinoni Hoogenboom, Emilie
Monk, Fleur
Holding, James W.
Choudhary, Junaid
Bhakhri, Kunal
Taylor, Magali N.
Pisciella, Maria Chiara
Navani, Neal
Gorman, Pat
Khiroya, Reena
Thakrar, Ricky M.
Stephens, Robert CM
Janes, Sam M.
Bandula, Steve
Kaplar, Zoltan
Walker, Aoife
Pilotti, Camilla
Leslie, Rachel
Kellett, Salomey
Grapa, Anca
Zhang, Hanyun
AbdulJabbar, Khalid
Pan, Xiaoxi
Yuan, Yinyin
Chuter, David
MacKenzie, Mairead
Alzetani, Aiman
Georg, Patricia
Chee, Serena
Lim, Eric
Rice, Alexandra
Devaraj, Anand
Nicholson, Andrew G.
Proli, Chiara
Kaniu, Daniel
Bhayani, Harshil
Chavan, Hema
Raubenheimer, Hilgardt
Ambrose, Lyn
Malima, Mpho
Fernandes, Nadia
De Sousa, Paulo
Shah, Pratibha
Booth, Sarah
Buderi, Silviu I.
Jordan, Simon
Begum, Sofina
Hewish, Madeleine
Danson, Sarah
Shackcloth, Michael J.
Robinson, Lily
Kidd, Andrew
Dick, Craig
Whiteley, Jennifer
Thomas, Mathew
Asif, Mohammed
Kostoulas, Nikos
Bilancia, Rocco
,
Kalokoh, Zainab
Keene, Elizabeth
Vikasan, Theepan
Ambrose, Karen
Gavrielides, Mike
Rosenfeld, Nitzan
Roshan, Amrit
Agergaard Soerensen, Cecilie
Solomon, Ben
Tan, Lavinia
Parreira, Ana
Faivre-Finn, Corinne
Gomes, Fabio
Gomez-Randulfe, Igor
Webster, Jack
Cove-Smith, Laura
Maroa, Pamela
Taylor, Paul
Califano, Raffaele
Tenconi, Sara
Peryt, Adam
Coonar, Aman
Stone, Amanda
Sanganee, Caroline
Goddard, Martin
Preston, Stephen
Aresu, Giuseppe
Lichfield, Jane
Knight, Julia
DSA, Lauren
Urda, Maria Manuela
Nizami, Maria
Rintoul, Robert
Armstrong, Zoe
Mathew, Abiya
Namwanja, Damalie
Thomson, Nicky
Earwaker, Philip
,
Shiu, Kai-Keen
Bridgewater, John
Hochhauser, Daniel
Enver, Tariq
Sinclair, Ron
Rhodes, Zoe
Linch, Mark
Brandner, Sebastian
Shaw, Heather
Attard, Gerhardt
Gishen, Faye
Kanu, Nnennaya
Gimeno Valiente, Francisco
Flanagan, Adrienne
Vainauskas, Osvaldas
Wingate, Anna
Wetterskog, Daniel
Hasan, A. M. Mahedi
Lise, Stefano
Leone, Gianmarco
Jayaram, Anuradha
Alifrangis, Constantine
McGovern, Ursula
Bowles, Kerry
Vargiamiou, Athanasia
Chamberlain, Christopher Aled
Robinson, Welles
McNeish, Iain
Ojeda Mosquera, Nataly
Liu, Jiali
O’Farrell, Felix
Marcel, Chenelle
Turajlic, Samra
Larkin, James
Pickering, Lisa
Furness, Andrew
Young, Kate
Drake, Will
Edmonds, Kim
Hunter, Nikki
Mangwende, Mary
Grostate, Lauren
Spain, Lavinia
Shepherd, Scott
Yan, Haixi
Shum, Benjamin
Tippu, Zayd
Hanley, Brian
Spencer, Charlotte
Emmerich, Max
Gerard, Camille
Carlyle, Eleanor
Hazell, Steve
Mudhar, Hardeep
Messiou, Christina
Latifoltojar, Arash
Fendler, Annika
Byrne, Fiona
Pallikonda, Husayn
Lobon, Irene
Coulton, Alexander
Cattin, Anne-Laure
Deng, Daqi
Feng, Hugang
Yousaf, Nadia
Popat, Sanjay
Milner-Watts, Charlotte
Murra, Aida
Korteweg, Justine
Terry, Lauren
Biano, Jennifer
Peat, Kema
Turay, Emma
Hill, Peter
Miletic, Marija
Javaid, Anadil
Thomas, Jennifer
Kudic, Bakir
McGowan, Orla
Ramesh, Dharmista
Saka, Oznur
Arslan, Sinem
Marandino, Laura
Ammar, Reina
Kapur, Gurneet
Kabir, Dilruba
McMahon, David
John, Alexius
Kalofonou, Foteini
Josephs, Debra
Irshad, Sheeba
Spicer, James
Stewart, Ruby
Wright, Natasha
Mitu, Ruxandra
Enting, Deborah
Rudman, Sarah
Ghosh, Sharmistha
Karapanagiotou, Eleni Lena
Pintus, Elias
Tutt, Andrew
Brenton, James D.
Thompson, Nicola
Fitzgerald, Rebecca
Jimenez-Linan, Merche
Provenzano, Elena
Paterson, Anna
Allinson, Kieren
Stewart, Grant D.
McDermott, Ultan
Maughan, Tim
Ansorge, Olaf
Campbell, Peter
Carter, Mat
Poile, Charlotte
Kutywayo, Kudazyi H.
Dungey, Maurice R.
Hahne, Jens Claus
Baijal, Shobhit
Ferris, Charlotte
Bancroft, Hollie
Kerr, Amy
Webb, Joanne
Kadiri, Salma
Olisemeke, Bernard
Wilson, Rodelaine
Tomlinson, Ian
Nolan, Luke
Holden, Samantha
Fernandes, Tania
McKenzie, Mairead
Patel, Shivani
Moore, David A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6296-1312
Zaccaria, Simone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5265-7392
McGranahan, Nicholas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9537-4045
Swanton, Charles https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-3018
Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1212-1259
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Article History
Received: 29 June 2025
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Competing interests
: S.V. is a co-inventor on a patent of methods for detecting molecules in a sample (US patent no. 10578620; Methods for detecting molecules in a sample). P. Roxburgh has received grant support from CRUK, Beatson Cancer Charity, Wellbeing of Women, AstraZeneca, Atrios and Tesaro; consultancy from Roche, Abbvie and MSD; and speaker fees from AstraZeneca, GSK and pharma&. M.D.F. acknowledges grant support from CRUK, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Merck and NIHR; holds appointments with DRA and HCA; serves in unpaid leadership roles at the Ruth Strauss Foundation; is an advisory board member for Transgene; and has consulted for Achilles, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BeiOne, Boxer, BMS, Celgene, EQRx, Guardant Health, GSK, Immutep, Janssen, Merck, MSD, Oxford VacMedix, Pharmamar, Regeneron, Roche, Societe Generale, Syncorp, Takeda and UltraHuman. S.B. acknowledges educational grant support from Roche. T.A. acknowledges educational grant support from Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Takeda and Johnson & Johnson, and has consulted for AstraZeneca, Daichii Sanko, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Pfizer, Roche and Takeda. M.G.K. has received funding grants from BerGenBio, Novartis and Roche; advisory board or consultancy fees from Astellas, Bayer, Guardant Health, Johnson & Johnson, Roche, Seattle Genetics and Zai Lab; speaker fees from BMS, Johnson & Johnson and Roche; and support for attending meetings and/or travel from BMS, Eisai, Johnson & Johnson, Roche and Zai Lab. C. Richards. Eli Lilly (Advisory Board), Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Servier laboratories and Dako (talks), Ipsen (conference funding). D.A.F. reports grants from Aldeyra, Boehringer Ingelheim, Astex Therapeutics, Bayer, BMS, GSK, RS Oncology, Clovis, Eli Lilly, BMS, MSD and GSK, and personal fees from Atara, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cambridge Clinical Laboratories, Targovax, Roche and RS Oncology. C.T.H. has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca and Merck and research funding from Roche and AstraZeneca, and has a paid advisory role for Genesiscare UK. A. Hackshaw has received fees for being a member of independent data monitoring committees for Roche-sponsored clinical trials, and academic projects coordinated by Roche. D.A.M. reports speaker fees from AstraZeneca and Takeda; consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Takeda, Amgen, Janssen, MIM Software, Bristol Myers Squibb and Eli Lilly; and has received educational support from Takeda and Amgen. N.M. holds patents related to determining HLA LOH (PCT/GB2018/052004), determining B cell fraction in mixed samples (PCT/EP2024/062999), determining lymphocyte abundance in mixed samples (PCT/EP2022/070694), identifying responders to cancer treatment (PCT/GB2018/051912), targeting neoantigens (PCT/EP2016/059401), identifying patient response to immune checkpoint blockade (PCT/EP2016/071471) and predicting survival rates of patients with cancer (PCT/GB2020/050221), and has a patent pending in determining HLA disruption (PCT/EP2023/059039). C.S. acknowledges grant support from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Invitae (previously ArcherDX; collaboration in minimal residual disease sequencing technologies), Ono Pharmaceutical, Personalis and Roche–Ventana. He is chief investigator for the AstraZeneca MeRmaiD 1 and 2 clinical trials and is the steering committee chair. He is also co-chief investigator of the NHS Galleri trial funded by GRAIL and a paid member of GRAIL’s scientific advisory board. He has received consultancy fees from Achilles, Bicycle Therapeutics (paid board member, and chair of clinical advisory group), Genentech, Medicxi, China Innovation Centre of Roche (CICoR; formerly Roche Innovation Centre – Shanghai), Metabomed (until July 2022), Relay Therapeutics (scientific advisory board member), Saga Diagnostics (scientific advisory board member) and the Sarah Cannon Research Institute. C.S. has received honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Illumina, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer and Roche–Ventana. C.S. has previously held stock or options in GRAIL, currently has stock or options in Bicycle Therapeutics and Relay Therapeutics and previously held stock and was co-founder of Achilles Therapeutics. C.S. declares patent applications relating to methods for lung cancer detection (PCT/US2017/028013 and US20190106751A1); targeting neoantigens (PCT/EP2016/059401); identifying patent response to immune checkpoint blockade (PCT/EP2016/071471); identifying patients who respond to cancer treatment (PCT/GB2018/051912); determining HLA LOH (PCT/GB2018/052004); predicting survival rates of patients with cancer (PCT/GB2020/050221); methods and systems for tumour monitoring (PCT/EP2022/077987); and analysis of HLA allele transcriptional deregulation (PCT/EP2023/059039). C.S. is an inventor on a European patent application (PCT/GB2017/053289) relating to assay technology to detect tumour recurrence. This patent has been licensed to a commercial entity and under their terms of employment, C.S. is due a revenue share of any revenue generated from such licence(s). M.J.-H. has received funding from CRUK, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Foundation, Lung Cancer Research Foundation, Rosetrees Trust, UKI NETs and NIHR; has consulted for Astex Pharmaceutical and Achilles Therapeutics; was a member of the Achilles Therapeutics scientific advisory board and steering committee; and has received speaker honoraria from Pfizer, Astex Pharmaceuticals, Oslo Cancer Cluster, Bristol Myers Squibb and Genentech. M.J.-H. is listed as a co-inventor on a European patent application relating to methods to detect lung cancer (PCT/ US2017/028013); this patent has been licensed to commercial entities, and, under terms of employment, M.J.-H. is due a share of any revenue generated from such licence(s). M.J.-H. is also listed as a co-inventor on the GB priority patent application (GB2400424.4) titled ‘Treatment and prevention of lung cancer’.
