Pan, Jiexue https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7125-9608
Li, Yuejiao
Lin, Zhongliang
Lan, Qing
Zhang, Ying
Chen, Huixi
Sui, Shengwei
Zhai, Man
Zhang, Gaochen
Cheng, Yi
Tang, Yunhui
Wang, Qingchen
Xu, Yue
Li, Guoling https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0422-6157
Xu, Chunyan
Yan, Haoqi
Mao, Yiting
Wang, Xingxia
Li, Hao https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3672-3702
Zhu, Yiping
Chen, Qinfang
Guan, Yichun
Meng, Nan
Wang, Chang
Lu, Haiqian
Li, Xiangjuan
Zheng, Tingting
Yao, Xiaoying
Yang, Tingyu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5494-1380
Chen, Xuan
Qin, Qiuyu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-9333
Jiang, Bin
Ren, Yuxing
Liu, Xinmei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-0490
Zhang, Yuxin
Yu, Minghui
Wang, Lifang
Wei, Yanrong
Luo, Meiqi
Nancuo, Ji
Ma, Fuhe
Wang, Ziwei
Ou, Zhihua
Lei, Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4349-3074
Jin, Xin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7554-4975
Sheng, Jianzhong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8006-3965
Xu, Congjian
Wu, Yanting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2293-1792
Xu, Chenming
Zhao, Lijian https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0565-962X
Yang, Hongbo https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2525-9462
Gao, Ya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5094-9842
Ding, Guolian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-9980
Xu, Xun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5338-5173
Huang, Hefeng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-8019
Article History
Received: 19 August 2024
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Competing interests
: None of the results in this study has been used for patent application. X.X. is the key inventor of DNBSEQ and Stereo-seq technologies covered in patents and patents applications, including ‘Array and method for detecting spatial information of nucleic acids’ (applicants: BGI Research and MGI Tech; inventors: A. Chen, X.X., J. Yang, L. Liu, O. Wang, Y. Li, S. Liao, G. Tang, Y. Jiang, C. Xu, M. Ni, W. Zhang, R. Drmanac and S. Drmanac; application numbers: CN202080036185.5 and RU2021135125), ‘Automatic control system of biochip and automatic control method thereof’ (applicant: BGI Research; inventors: Y. Hong, H. Kuang, Q. Yu, Q. Li, X. Sun, F. He, J. Xu, M. Shen, A. Chen, Y. Li, W. Zhang and X.X.; application number: PCT/CN2022/123075), ‘Biochip automatic control method and automatic control system thereof’ (applicant: BGI Research; inventors: F. He, X. Lei, A. Chen, Z. Qiu, Y. Hong, Z. Wan, M. Shen, A. Chen, Y. Li, W. Zhang and X.X.; application number: PCT/CN2022/123191), ‘Biochip and use and preparation method thereof’ (applicant: BGI Research; inventors: Y. Hong, Q. Li, A. Chen, Y. Li, W. Zhang and X.X.; application number: PCT/CN2022/123027), ‘Biochip container and methods for preparation and use thereof’ (applicant: BGI Research; inventors: Q. Yu, Y. Hong, Q. Li, A. Chen, Y. Li, W. Zhang and X.X.; application number: PCT/CN2022/127996), ‘Freezing and embedding device’ (applicants: BGI Research and BGI; inventors: J. Yi, L. Cui, S. Liao, A. Chen, W. Zhang and X.X.; application number: CN202223054698.4), ‘Methods, apparatus and applications for preparing candidate sequencing probe sets’ (applicant: MGI Tech; inventors: X.X., H. Jiang, C. Geng, G. Fan, E. Liang and Z. Zhu; application number: CN201610075006.4), and ‘Modified nucleoside or nucleotide’ (applicant: BGI Research; inventors: X.X., B. Teng, W. Zhang, A. Chen, H. Li, S. Yan, S. Zhuo, L. Shen, Y. Zhang, N. Gao, J. Zhao and S. Liao; application number: PCT/CN2021/125262). X.X. and L.Z. are employees of BGI Genomics, and hold stocks in BGI. Y. Li, Q.L., M.Z., Ying Zhang, Z.W., H. Yan, F.M., Q.Q., Y.R., B.J., L.W., J.N., Y. Wei, M.L., Chunyan Xu, X.W., H. Li, Y. Zhu, C.W., T.Y., X.C., Yuxin Zhang, M.Y., Z.O., Y. Lei, X.J. and Y. Gao are employees of BGI Research, and hold no intellectual property and commercial interests in DNBSEQ and Stereo-seq. J.P., Z.L., H.C., S.S., G.Z., Y.C., Y.T., Q.W., Y.X., G.L., Y.M., Q.C., Y. Guan, N.M., H. Lu, X. Li, T.Z., X.Y., X. Liu, J.S., Congjian Xu, Y. Wu, Chenming Xu, H. Yang, G.D. and H.H. declare no competing interests.