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Authors
Gupta, Rahul https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-2455
Durham, Timothy J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2056-4199
Chau, Grant
Kanai, Masahiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5165-4408
Uddin, Md Mesbah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1846-0411
Lu, Wenhan
Argentieri, M. Austin
Karczewski, Konrad J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2878-4671
Howrigan, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7721-4838
Natarajan, Pradeep https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8402-7435
Zhou, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-0859
Neale, Benjamin M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-6077
Mootha, Vamsi K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9924-642X
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Article History
Received: 6 May 2025
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Competing interests
: V.K.M. is a paid advisor to 5am Ventures and Falcon Bio. B.M.N. is a member of the scientific advisory board at Deep Genomics, Camp4 and Vesalius. R.G. is a consultant for Marea Therapeutics. K.J.K. is a consultant for Tome Biosciences, AlloDx and Vor Biosciences, and a member of the scientific advisory board of Nurture Genomics. P.N. reports research grants from Allelica, Amgen, Apple, Boston Scientific, Genentech/Roche and Novartis; personal fees from Allelica, Apple, AstraZeneca, Bain Capital, Blackstone Life Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, Creative Education Concepts, CRISPR Therapeutics, Eli Lilly & Co, Esperion Therapeutics, Foresite Capital, Foresite Labs, Genentech/Roche, GV, HeartFlow, Magnet Biomedicine, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, TenSixteen Bio and Tourmaline Bio; equity in Bolt, Candela, Mercury, MyOme, Parameter Health, Preciseli, and TenSixteen Bio; and spousal employment at Vertex Pharmaceuticals (all unrelated to the present work). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
