Ferber, Dyke
Hilgers, Lars
Höper, Christiane
Kinny-Köster, Benedict
Eckardt, Jan-Niklas
Egger-Heidrich, Katharina
Bill, Marius https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1175-2406
Schneider, Martin M. K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-4050
Clusmann, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2925-8438
Kadric, Lejla
Oehme, Marcel
Mayrhofer-Schmid, Maximilian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-8337
Oeser, Alexander
Wölflein, Georg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0407-7617
Wiest, Isabella C.
Middeke, Jan Moritz
Iafrate, A. John
Truhn, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-0728
Jäger, Dirk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-7802
Kather, Jakob Nikolas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-5348
Article History
Received: 29 April 2025
Accepted: 18 May 2026
First Online: 17 June 2026
Competing interests
: J.N.K. declares consulting services for Bioptimus, France; Panakeia, UK; AstraZeneca, UK; and MultiplexDx, Slovakia. Furthermore, he holds shares in StratifAI, Germany, Synagen, Germany, Ignition Lab, Germany; has received an institutional research grant by GSK; and has received honoraria by AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Janssen, Merck, MSD, BMS, Roche, Pfizer and Fresenius. J.-N.E. declares consulting services for AstraZeneca, Novartis, Janssen. Furthermore, he holds shares in Cancilico, has received an institutional research grant from Novartis and has received honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Novartis and Pfizer. D.T. received honoraria for lectures by Bayer and holds shares in StratifAI GmbH, Germany. A.J.I. declares royalties from ArcherDx/IDT, consulting for AstraZeneca, Paige.AI, Intellia, Repare Therapeutics and SequreDx. D.F. holds shares in and is employed at Synagen AI GmbH. G.W. declares consulting services for Synagen AI GmbH. C.H. is employed at Synagen AI GmbH and received honoraria from AstraZeneca. I.C.W. received honoraria from AstraZeneca. J.C. has received honoraria from Johnson & Johnson. The other authors declare no competing interests.