Maguire, Cole https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-9762
Chen, Jing https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5900-7460
Rouphael, Nadine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-7919
Morse, Brinkley A. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1304-2716
Hoch, Annmarie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-2164
Pickering, Harry
Phan, Hoang Van
Glascock, Abigail
Chu, Victoria
Dandekar, Ravi
,
Holland, Steven M.
Rosen, Lindsey B.
Lee, Serena
Vaysman, Tatyana
Diray-Arce, Joann
Chen, Jing
Kho, Alvin T.
Milliren, Carly E.
Chang, Ana C.
McEnaney, Kerry
Syphurs, Caitlin
Barton, Brenda
Lentucci, Claudia
Murphy, Maimouna D.
Saluvan, Mehmet
Shaheen, Tanzia
Liu, Shanshan
Albert, Marisa
Hayati, Arash Nemati
Bryant, Robert
Abraham, James
Cooney, Mitchell
Karoly, Meagan
Jayavelu, Naresh Doni
Presnell, Scott
Kohr, Bernard
Jancsyk, Tomasz
Arnett, Azlann
Overton, James A.
Vita, Randi
Westendorf, Kerstin
Overton, James A.
Levy, Ofer
Steen, Hanno
Zalm, Patrick van
Fatou, Benoit
Smolen, Kinga K.
Viode, Arthur
Haren, Simon van
Jha, Meenakshi
Stevenson, David
Nguyen, Athena N.
Plotkin, Alec L.
Thomas, Sanya
Petrova, Boryana
Kanarek, Naama
Mendez, Kevin
Lasky-Su, Jessica
Tong, Alexandra
Rooks, Rebecca
Desjardins, Michael
Sherman, Amy C.
Walsh, Stephen R.
Mitre, Xhoi
Cauley, Jessica
Li, Xiaofang
Evans, Bethany
Montesano, Christina
Licona, Jose Humberto
Krauss, Jonathan
Issa, Nicholas C.
Chang, Jun Bai Park
Izaguirre, Natalie
Hutton, Scott R.
Michelotti, Greg
Wong, Kari
Tebbutt, Scott J.
Shannon, Casey P.
Fourati, Slim
Harris, Paul
Sieg, Scott
Yendewa, George
Consolo, Mary
Tribout, Heather
Ribeiro, Susan Pereira
Kutzler, Michele A.
Bernui, Mariana
Cusimano, Gina
Connors, Jennifer
Woloszczuk, Kyra
Joyner, David
Edwards, Carolyn
Lee, Edward
Lin, Edward
Melnyk, Nataliya
Powell, Debra L.
Kim, James N.
Goonewardene, I. Michael
Simmons, Brent
Smith, Cecilia M.
Martens, Mark
Croen, Brett
Semenza, Nicholas C.
Bell, Mathew R.
Furukawa, Sara
McLin, Renee
Tegos, George P.
Rogowski, Brandon
Mege, Nathan
Ulring, Kristen
Schearer, Pam
Sheidy, Judie
Nagle, Crystal
Seyfert-Margolis, Vicki
Boddapati, Arun K.
Tharp, Greg K.
Pellegrini, Kathryn L.
Johnson, Brandi
Panganiban, Bernadine
Huerta, Christopher
Anderson, Evan J.
Samaha, Hady
Sevransky, Jonathan E.
Bristow, Laurel
Beagle, Elizabeth
Cowan, David
Hamilton, Sydney
Hodder, Thomas
Bechnak, Amer
Cheng, Andrew
Mehta, Aneesh
Ciric, Caroline R.
Spainhour, Christine
Carter, Erin
Scherer, Erin M.
Usher, Jacob
Hellmeister, Kieffer
Hussaini, Laila
Hewitt, Lauren
Mcnair, Nina
Ribeiro, Susan Pereira
Wimalasena, Sonia
Bakel, Harm van
Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana Silvia
Qi, Jingjing
Lee, Brian
Carreño, Juan Manuel
Singh, Gagandeep
Raskin, Ariel
Tcheou, Johnstone
Khalil, Zain
de Guchte, Adriana van
Farrugia, Keith
Khan, Zenab
Kelly, Geoffrey
Srivastava, Komal
Eaker, Lily Q.
Bermúdez-González, Maria C.
Mulder, Lubbertus C. F.
Beach, Katherine F.
Saksena, Miti
Altman, Deena
Kojic, Erna
Sominsky, Levy A.
Azad, Arman
Bielak, Dominika
Kawabata, Hisaaki
Yellin, Temima
Fried, Miriam
Sullivan, Leeba
Morris, Sara
Kleiner, Giulio
Stadlbauer, Daniel
Dutta, Jayeeta
Xie, Hui
Patel, Manishkumar
Nie, Kai
Monahan, Brian
Rahman, Adeeb
Siegel, Sarah A. R.
Sullivan, Peter E.
Lu, Zhengchun
Brunton, Amanda E.
Strand, Matthew
Lyski, Zoe L.
Coulter, Felicity J.
Micheletti, Courtney
Rosenberg-Hasson, Yael
Leipold, Michael
Sigal, Natalia
Rogers, Angela
Fernandes, Andrea
Manohar, Monali
Do, Evan
Chang, Iris
Lee, Alexandra S.
Blish, Catherine
Din, Henna Naz
Roque, Jonasel
Geng, Linda N.
Artandi, Maja
Ahuja, Neera
Yang, Samuel S.
Chinthrajah, Sharon
Hagan, Thomas
Holmes, Tyson H.
Abe, Koji
Salehi-Rad, Ramin
Rivera, Adreanne M.
Pickering, Harry C.
Sen, Subha
Elashoff, David
Ward, Dawn C.
Brook, Jenny
Ramires-Sanchez, Estefania
Llamas, Megan
Perdomo, Claudia
Magyar, Clara E.
Fulcher, Jennifer
Erle, David J.
Hendrickson, Carolyn M.
Kangelaris, Kirsten N.
Nguyen, Viet
Lee, Deanna
Chak, Suzanna
Ghale, Rajani
Gonzalez, Ana
Jauregui, Alejandra
Leroux, Carolyn
Altamirano, Luz Torres
Rashid, Ahmad Sadeed
Willmore, Andrew
Woodruff, Prescott G.
Krummel, Matthew F.
Carrillo, Sidney
Ward, Alyssa
Patel, Ravi
Alvarenga, Bonny
Rajan, Jayant
Schroeder, Andrew W.
Fragiadakis, Gabriela K.
Tsitsiklis, Alexandra
Mick, Eran
Guerrero, Yanedth Sanchez
Love, Christina
Maliskova, Lenka
Adkisson, Michael
Leligdowicz, Aleksandra
Beagle, Alexander
Rao, Arjun
Sigman, Austin
Samad, Bushra
Curiel, Cindy
Shaw, Cole
Tietje-Ulrich, Gayelan
Milush, Jeff
Singer, Jonathan
Vasquez, Joshua J.
Tang, Kevin
Betancourt, Legna
Santhosh, Lekshmi
Pierce, Logan
Paz, Maria Tecero
Matthay, Michael
Thakur, Neeta
Rodriguez, Nicklaus
Sutter, Nicole
Jones, Norman
Sinha, Pratik
Prasad, Priya
Lota, Raphael
Asthana, Saurabh
Bhide, Sharvari
Lea, Tasha
Abe-Jones, Yumiko
Hafler, David A.
Montgomery, Ruth R.
Shaw, Albert C.
Gygi, Jeremy P.
Duchen, Dylan
Pawar, Shrikant
Konstorum, Anna
Chen, Ernie
Cotsapas, Chris
Wang, Xiaomei
Dela Cruz, Charles
Iwasaki, Akiko
Mohanty, Subhasis
Nelson, Allison
Zhao, Yujiao
Farhadian, Shelli
Asashima, Hiromitsu
Chaudhary, Omkar
Coppi, Andreas
Fournier, John
Muenker, M. Catherine
Raddassi, Khadir
Rainone, Michael
Ruff, William
Salahuddin, Syim
Shulz, Wade L.
Vijayakumar, Pavithra
Wang, Haowei
Wunder, Esio Jr.
Young, H. Patrick
Ko, Albert I.
Gabernet, Gisela
Esserman, Denise
Brito, Anderson
Rothman, Jessica
Grubaugh, Nathan D.
Wang, Kexin
Xu, Leqi
Corry, David B.
Song, Li-Zhen
Nelson, Ebony
Sinko, Lauren A.
Booth, J. Leland
Drevets, Douglas A.
Brown, Brent R.
Bime, Christian
Mosier, Jarrod
Erickson, Heidi
Schunk, Ron
Kimura, Hiroki
Conway, Michelle
Francisco, Dave
Molzahn, Allyson
Wilson, Connie Cathleen
Hughes, Trina
Sierra, Bianca
Ungaro, Ricardo F.
Manning, Brittany Roth
Moldawer, Lyle
Oberhaus, Jordan
Guirgis, Faheem W.
Borresen, Brittney
Anderson, Matthew L.
Wylie, Dennis
Rousseau, Justin F.
Hurley, Kerin C.
Geltman, Janelle N.
Siles, Nadia
Rogers, Jacob E.
Tipan, Pablo Guaman
Corry, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9729-1016
Kheradmand, Farrah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-103X
Baden, Lindsey R. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1752-1926
Sekaly, Rafick-Pierre https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-4828
McComsey, Grace A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2690-8888
Haddad, Elias K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6924-4300
Cairns, Charles B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-5415
Pulendran, Bali https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-4333
Fernandez-Sesma, Ana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-6702
Simon, Viviana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-5096
Metcalf, Jordan P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4359-5270
Agudelo Higuita, Nelson I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9363-6280
Messer, William B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-6347
Davis, Mark M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6868-657X
Nadeau, Kari C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2146-2955
Kraft, Monica
Bime, Chris
Schaenman, Joanna
Erle, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-0648
Calfee, Carolyn S.
Atkinson, Mark A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8489-4782
Brakenridge, Scott C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-3718
Ehrlich, Lauren I. R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1697-1755
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Hough, Catherine L.
Hafler, David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-535X
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Becker, Patrice M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1170-8587
Peters, Bjoern https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-6693
Ozonoff, Al https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-5899
Kim-Schulze, Seunghee https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-4400
Krammer, Florian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4121-776X
Bosinger, Steven E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2116-5061
Eckalbar, Walter
Altman, Matthew C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-8505
Wilson, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-5084
Guan, Leying https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-1073
Kleinstein, Steven H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-1544
Smolen, Kinga K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-3693
Reed, Elaine F.
Levy, Ofer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5859-1945
Maecker, Holden https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0795-9946
Hunt, Peter
Steen, Hanno https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0179-6648
Diray-Arce, Joann https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-4269
Langelier, Charles R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6708-4646
Melamed, Esther https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-3591
Article History
Received: 19 November 2024
Accepted: 1 June 2026
First Online: 5 August 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai has filed patent applications relating to SARS-CoV-2 serological assays and NDV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines which list F. Krammer as co-inventor. Mount Sinai has spun out a company, Kantaro, to market serological tests for SARS-CoV-2. F. Krammer has consulted for Merck and Pfizer (before 2020), and is currently consulting for Pfizer, Seqirus, 3rd Rock Ventures, Merck and Avimex. The Krammer laboratory is also collaborating with Pfizer on animal models of SARS-CoV-2. V. Simon is a co-inventor on a patent filed relating to SARS-CoV-2 serological assays. O.L. is a named inventor on patents held by Boston Children’s Hospital relating to vaccine adjuvants and human in vitro platforms that model vaccine action. His laboratory has received research support from, and he is a consultant to, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). He is a co-founder of and advisor to ARMR Sciences. C.B.C. serves as a consultant to bioMerieux and is funded for a grant from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. J.A.O. is a consultant at Knocean Inc. J.L.-S. serves as a scientific advisor of Precion Inc. S.R.H., G.M. and K.W. are employees of Metabolon Inc. V.S.-M. is a current employee of MyOwnMed. N.R. reports grants or contracts with Merck, Sanofi, Pfizer, Vaccine Company, Quidel, Lilly and Immorna, and has participated on data safety monitoring boards for Moderna, Sanofi, Seqirus, Pfizer, EMMES, ICON, BARDA, Imunon, CyanVac and Micron. N.R. has also received support for meetings/travel from Sanofi and Moderna and honoraria from Virology Education. A.R. is a current employee of Immunai Inc. S.K. is a consultant related to ImmPort data repository for Peraton. N.G. is a consultant for Tempus Labs and the National Basketball Association. A.I. is a consultant for 4BIO, Blue Willow Biologics, Revelar Biotherapeutics, RIGImmune, Xanadu Bio and Paratus Sciences. M.K. receives research funds paid to her institution from NIH, ALA; Sanofi, Astra-Zeneca for work in asthma, serves as a consultant for Astra-Zeneca, Sanofi, Chiesi, GSK for severe asthma; and is a co-founder and CMO for RaeSedo, Inc., a company created to develop peptidomimetics for treatment of inflammatory lung disease. E.M. received research funding from Babson Diagnostics and honorarium from Multiple Sclerosis Association of America and has served on the advisory boards of Genentech, Horizon, Teva and Viela Bio. C.S.C. receives research funding from NIH, FDA, DOD, Roche-Genentech and Quantum Leap Healthcare Collaborative as well as consulting services for Janssen, Vasomune, Gen1e Life Sciences, NGMBio and Cellenkos. W.S. was an investigator for a research agreement, through Yale University, from the Shenzhen Center for Health Information for work to advance intelligent disease prevention and health promotion; collaborates with the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases in Beijing; is a technical consultant to Hugo Health, a personal health information platform; co-founder of Refactor Health, an AI-augmented data management platform for health care; and has received grants from Merck and Regeneron Pharmaceutical for research related to COVID-19. G.A.M. received research grants from Redhill, Cognivue, Pfizer and Genentech, and served as a research consultant for Gilead, Merck, Viiv/GSK and Jenssen. L.N.G. received research funding paid to her institution from Pfizer, Inc. The other authors declare no competing interests.