Dai, Anqi
Ballweg, Annamaria
Jogia, William https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5513-2375
Rangesa, Madhumitha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5825-2775
Adintori, Peter A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7099-1143
Baichoo, Mirae
Funnell, Tyler https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1612-5644
Fei, Teng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7888-1715
Waters, Nicholas R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9035-2143
Swartz, Abrielle
Sahu, Sukanya
Gipson, Brianna https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5837-8676
Raj, Sandeep S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-0528
Hayase, Eiko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4824-8844
Pierce, Zoe
Wu, Kenton https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1676-9837
Smith, Natalie
Neuberger, Justin https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2930-3754
Warren, Adam
da Silva, Marina Burgos
Miltiadous, Oriana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-3893
Zuanelli Brambilla, Corrado https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-2990
Buchan, Marissa Lubin
Peets, Tatanisha K.
Gradissimo, Ana
Amoretti, Luigi A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-5119
Duan, Caichen
Zhang, Chenzhen
Matheis, Fanny
Sullivan, Alexis P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9296-8112
Slingerland, John B.
Clurman, Annelie G.
Brereton, Daniel G.
Giardina, Paul A.
Gomes, Antonio L. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3790-3724
Johnson, Abigail J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-4724
Knights, Dan
Jenq, Robert R.
Markey, Kate A.
Perales, Miguel-Angel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-4571
Giralt, Sergio A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1944-5053
van den Brink, Marcel R. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-4401
Schluter, Jonas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-9367
Peled, Jonathan U. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-7625
Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2026
First Online: 30 September 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: J.S. has filed intellectual property applications related to the microbiome (reference numbers US2025/0064882A1, PCT/US2025/023826), serves on an advisory board and holds equity of Jona Health, and is cofounder of Postbiotics Plus Research. J.U.P. reports research funding, intellectual property fees and travel reimbursement from Seres Therapeutics, and consulting fees from DaVolterra, CSL Behring, Crestone, MaaT Pharma and Canaccord Genuity and RA Capital; he serves on an advisory board of and holds equity in Postbiotics Plus Research; he serves on an advisory board of and holds equity in Prodigy Biosciences; he has filed intellectual property applications related to the microbiome (reference numbers 62/843,849, 62/977,908 and 15/756,845). Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) has financial interests relative to Seres Therapeutics. K.A.M. reports previous consulting for Incucyte and Crestone; she serves on an advisory board of and holds equity in Postbiotics Plus Research. M.R.M.v.d.B. has received research support and stock options from Seres Therapeutics and stock options from Notch Therapeutics, Pluto Therapeutics and TymoFox; he has received royalties from Wolters Kluwer; he has consulted, received honorarium from or participated in advisory boards for Seres Therapeutics, Vor Biopharma, WindMIL Therapeutics, Rheos Medicines, Merck, Magenta Therapeutics, Frazier Healthcare Partners, Nektar Therapeutics, Notch Therapeutics, Forty Seven, Priothera, Ceramedix, Lygenesis, Pluto Therapeutics, GlaskoSmithKline, Da Volterra, Garuda, Thymofox, smarNovartis (spouse), Synthekine (spouse), Beigene (spouse), Kite (spouse), MustangBio (spouse) and Cellectar (spouse); he has IP licensing with Seres Therapeutics and Juno Therapeutics; he holds a fiduciary role on the Foundation Board of the non-profit organization DKMS; and he is the chairman of the scientific advisory board for Smart Immune. M.-A.P. reports honoraria from Arog Pharmaceuticals, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cartesian, Celgene, Incyte, Kite/Gilead, Merck, Miltenyi Biotec, Novartis, Omeros, OrcaBio, Ossium Health, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi and Takeda; he serves on data and safety monitoring boards for Cidara Therapeutics/ Mundipharma and Sellas Life Sciences; he has ownership interests in Omeros and OrcaBio; he has received institutional research support for clinical trials from Allogene, Genmab, Incyte, Kite/Gilead, Miltenyi Biotec, Novartis and Tr1x. R.R.J. reports patent royalties and stock options from Seres Therapeutics, and consulting fees from MaaT Pharma and Nestle; he serves on the scientific advisory board of Postbiotics Plus Research. S.A.G. reports research funding from Amgen, Johnson & Johnson, Takeda, Celgene, Actinuum, Sanofi, Miltenyi, Kite, EUSA and Incyte; he serves on advisory boards at Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Actinuum, Celgene, Johnson & Johnson, Miltenyi, Takeda, Novartis, EUSA Omeros, Sanofi, Kite and Spectrum Pharma. A.L.C.G. reports stock/shares from Seres Therapeutics and equity ownership at Xbiome. M.L.B. reports employment and equity ownership at Savor Health. The other authors declare no competing interests.