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Authors
Gray, Alison https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-461X
Bradbury, Andrew R. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-8172
Knappik, Achim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-6750
Plückthun, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4191-5306
Borrebaeck, Carl A. K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2461-2354
Dübel, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8811-7390
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Article History
First Online: 12 October 2020
Competing interests
: A.R.M.B.: CSO, cofounder and shareholder of Specifica Inc., involved in the supply of antibody library and discovery services for the therapeutic market. S.D.: shareholder of companies that employ animal-free antibody generation — namely, mAb-factory GmbH, Yumab GmbH and Abcalis GmbH. A.G.: founder of AFABILITY, a non-profit organization that advises on antibody production methods and scientific procedures involving the use of animals according to Directive 2010/63/EU. A.P.: cofounder and shareholder of companies (Morphosys AG, Molecular Partners AG) that employ animal-free antibody and binding protein generation for therapeutics. A.K.: shareholder of companies (Morphosys AG, Molecular Partners AG, Bio-Rad Laboratories) that employ animal-free antibody and binding protein generation. All authors are independent advisors on the EU ECVAM scientific advisory committee (ESAC) for the scientific validity of alternative methods for antibody production. ESAC is composed of external scientists who are appointed on the basis of their scientific expertise; they act independently, in the public interest, and do not represent their company’s, the EU’s or external interests of any kind.
