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Article History

First Online: 3 February 2026

Competing interests

: R.G.G. is a co‑founder, shareholder, company officer and board member of The Tiny Cargo Company, Inc., which is developing milk exosome‑based therapeutics originating from his academic laboratory; related intellectual property is licensed from Virginia Tech and targets ischemic heart injury, lethal radiation injury and radiation‑therapy side effects. R.G.G. is a co‑founder, shareholder, company officer and board member of Acomhal Research, Inc., which is developing the JM2 peptide under licenses from the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) for glioblastoma and breast cancer. R.G.G. is a co‑founder and shareholder of Xequel Bio, Inc. (formerly FirstString Research, Inc.), which is developing the αCT1 peptide for wound‑healing indications; JM2 and αCT1 were invented in his laboratory, with related intellectual property licensed from MUSC, his former academic institution. R.G.G. and/or his institutions are associated with issued and pending patents related to the above technologies; details can be found in the .