Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R33DK132666)
National Science Foundation (2145802)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | Army Medical Command | Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (HT9425-24-1-0249)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF-23-1-0041)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-25-1-2258)
Article History
Received: 24 August 2025
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 12 March 2026
Competing interests
: W.G. is a cofounder and advisor at Persperity Health. The other authors declare no competing interests.