Thornton, Brittney W. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5615-2853
Weissman, Rachel F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-6564
Rodriguez, Jorge E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-2586
Tran, Ryan V. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4648-7785
Duong, Brenda T. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5529-8508
Terrace, Cynthia I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-9000
Nagalakshmi, Ugrappa
Austin, George
Groover, Evan D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9737-1796
Wang, Flora Zhiqi https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2874-0942
Park, Jung-Un https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-7142
Georgieva, Viktoriya https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5843-726X
Tartaglia, Julia
Cho, Myeong-Je
Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-316X
Doudna, Jennifer A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9161-999X
Savage, David F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0042-2257
Funding for this research was provided by:
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (1R35GM158173)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
National Science Foundation (DGE 2146752)
National Science Foundation (DGE 2146752)
National Science Foundation (DGE 2146752)
National Science Foundation (IOS-2303522)
National Science Foundation (2334028)
Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U01AI142817)
Article History
Received: 3 March 2025
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Competing interests
: D.F.S. is a cofounder and scientific advisory board member of Scribe Therapeutics. The Regents of the UC have patents issued and pending for CRISPR technologies on which J.A.D. is an inventor. J.A.D. is a cofounder of Azalea Therapeutics, Caribou Biosciences, Editas Medicine, Evercrisp, Scribe Therapeutics and Mammoth Biosciences. J.A.D. is a scientific advisory board member at Isomorphic Labs, BEVC Management, Evercrisp, Caribou Biosciences, Scribe Therapeutics, Mammoth Biosciences, The Column Group and Inari. J.A.D. is also an advisor for Aditum Bio. J.A.D. is chief science advisor to Sixth Street and a director at Johnson & Johnson, Altos and Tempus. B.W.T., R.F.W., C.I.T., J.E.R., U.N., S.P.D.-K., D.F.S. and J.A.D. have submitted related patents. R.V.T. is currently an employee of Scribe Therapeutics. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.