Cheng, Linqi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6520-1856
Zheng, Xinzhe
Jiang, Shiyu Jason https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-7379
Hu, Yu https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2217-1459
Liu, Yijie https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3792-4947
Yang, Kaiqiang
Rui, Jinyan
Ding, Haoxue https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-9984
Zhang, Mengxi
Yuan, Teng
Lu, Qianglan
Ye, Haoxin
Li, Chen-Long https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9086-4332
Guo, Yiming
Tian, Zuotong
Qin, Anna
Zhou, Boyang
Yang, Kevin K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-6826
Huang, Xiongyi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7156-8881
Xiao, Han https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4311-971X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Center for Information Technology (R35-GM133706)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Center for Information Technology (R01-CA277838)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Center for Information Technology (R01-AI165079)
Welch Foundation (C-1970)
U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-21-1-0789)
U.S. Department of Defense (HT9425-23-1-0494)
U.S. Department of Defense (HT9425-25-1-0021)
Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation (Medical Research Award)
SynthX Seed Award
Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 8 April 2026
Competing interests
: L.C., J.R., X.H. and H.X. have filed patent applications related to this work. Use of the technology for commercial purposes requires prior written authorization and/or an appropriate license from the relevant rights holders. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.