Park, Geonho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1976-4460
Bian, Yizhou https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3311-7325
Huang, Hao
Zhou, Sai https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-877X
Qin, Siyu
Lin, Muyang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6627-6294
Yang, Xinyi https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2572-4988
Lee, Aaron
Ramkumar, Anand
Tome, Mariana
Lander, Jayne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3643-4893
Chen, Xiangjun https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8760-956X
Wang, Shenghan
Bheemreddy, Pranavi
Stanton, Liam
Sheng, Ren https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6646-6081
Guo, Guihuan
Shehada, Mabel
Wang, Ruotao
Roa, Alexa
Lu, Chengchangfeng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-9917
Yue, Wentong
Wu, Ray S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0508
Gao, Xiaoxiang https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0590-2140
Hu, Hongjie
Yaghi, Amer
Liu, Mark
Impey, Lawrence https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4462-112X
Collins, Sally L.
Papageorghiou, Aris T.
Laurent, Louise C.
Wear, Keith A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0318-4821
Georgieva, Antoniya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5543-6683
Xu, Sheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3120-4992
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (1R01EB033464-01)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (1R01HL171652-01)
Wellcome Leap HER01430 Accelerating Innovations to Market UC San Diego
Siebel Foundation, Merkin Graduate Fellowship Program, and Asan Foundation.
National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
Article History
Received: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Competing interests
: S.X. is a cofounder of Softsonics. M.T., L.I. and A.G. are cofounders of Safer Birth. A.T.P. is a senior scientific advisor of Intelligent Ultrasound. The other authors declare no competing interests.