Li, Hongchao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8195-2585
Chai, Zhuangzhuang
Shi, Xiaoli
Sun, Chao
Zhang, Rui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-7593
Zhang, Qiao
Li, Zhenyu
Zhang, Kang
Lei, Yuan
Gao, Caixia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-8248
Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 5 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors have submitted a patent application related to the findings reported in this paper. K.Z. is an employee of Qi Biodesign.