Ali, Zahir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7814-8908
Butt, Haroon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6935-8025
Alghamdi, Raghad
Moreno Ramirez, Jose Luis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-1361
Mahfouz, Magdy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-6365
Funding for this research was provided by:
KAUST baseline funding.
Article History
Received: 23 May 2025
Accepted: 21 May 2026
First Online: 19 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study did not involve human participants or vertebrate animals. All plant materials used in this study complied with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation.