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Article History

Received: 23 January 2023

Accepted: 19 June 2023

First Online: 27 July 2023

Competing interests

: D.C.B., D.M., S.C., V. Adleff, J.P., V. Anagnostou, R.B.S. and V.E.V. are inventors on patent applications submitted by Johns Hopkins University related to cfDNA for cancer detection. S.C., J.P., V. Adleff. and R.B.S. are founders of Delfi Diagnostics, and V. Adleff. and R.B.S. are consultants for this organization. J.R.W. is the founder and owner of Resphera Biosciences. V.E.V. is a founder of Delfi Diagnostics, serves on the Board of Directors and as an officer for this organization and owns Delfi Diagnostics stock, which is subject to certain restrictions under university policy. Additionally, Johns Hopkins University owns equity in Delfi Diagnostics. V.E.V. divested his equity in Personal Genome Diagnostics (PGDx) to LabCorp in February 2022. V.E.V. is an inventor on patent applications submitted by Johns Hopkins University related to cancer genomic analyses and cfDNA for cancer detection that have been licensed to one or more entities, including Delfi Diagnostics, LabCorp, Qiagen, Sysmex, Agios, Genzyme, Esoterix, Ventana and ManaT Bio. Under the terms of these license agreements, the University and inventors are entitled to fees and royalty distributions. V.E.V. is an advisor to Viron Therapeutics and Epitope. These arrangements have been reviewed and approved by Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.