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Article History

Received: 3 May 2024

Accepted: 7 August 2024

First Online: 12 September 2024

Competing interests

: E.M.-C. reports a consultant or advisory role for Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Roche and Sanofi; research funding from MSD, Sanofi and BMS; speaking engagements for Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis and Pierre Fabre; clinical trial participation (as principal investigator) for Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Roche and Sanofi. L.L.S. has a consultant/advisory role for Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Voronoi, Arvinas, Navire, Relay, Marengo, Daiichi Sankyo, Amgen, Medicenna, LTZ Therapeutics, Tubulis, Nerviano, Pangea, Incyte and Gilead; received grant/research support (Institution—for clinical trials) from Merck, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer/SeaGen, Boerhinger-Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Genentech, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Abbvie, Amgen, Symphogen, EMD Serono, 23Me, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Marengo, Incyte, LegoChem, Loxo/Eli Lilly, Medicenna and Takara; reports a leadership position (spouse) at Treadwell Therapeutics (founder) and stock ownership (spouse) in Agios. E.B. is the author of a patent related to TGF-β inhibitors, a patent describing bispecific antibodies to target cancer stem cells; E.B.'s lab has received research funding from MERUS, INCYTE and Revolution Medicines; and received honoraria for consulting from Genentech. J.T. reports personal financial interest in the form of scientific consultancy role for Alentis Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Aveo Oncology, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cardiff Oncology, CARSgen Therapeutics, Chugai, Daiichi Sankyo, F. Hoffmann–La Roche, Genentech, hC Bioscience, Ikena Oncology, Immodulon Therapeutics, Inspirna, Lilly, Menarini, Merck Serono, Merus, MSD, Mirati, Neophore, Novartis, Ona Therapeutics, Ono Pharma USA, Orion Biotechnology, Peptomyc, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Samsung Bioepis, Sanofi, Scandion Oncology, Scorpion Therapeutics, Seattle Genetics, Servier, Sotio Biotech, Taiho, Takeda Oncology and Tolremo Therapeutics; stocks in Oniria Therapeutics, Alentis Therapeutics, Pangaea Oncology and 1TRIALSP; and an educational collaboration with Medscape Education, PeerView Institute for Medical Education and Physicians Education Resource (PER). E.E. has received personal honoraria from Amgen, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cure Teq AG, Hoffman–La Roche, Janssen, Lilly, Medscape, Merck Serono, MSD, Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Repare Therapeutics, RIN Institute, Sanofi, Seagen International, Servier and Takeda. E.F. reports a consulting or advisory role with Abbvie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Daiichi Sankyo, F. Hoffmann–La Roche, Genmab, Gilead, GSK, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Merck Serono, MSD, Novartis, Peptomyc, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Takeda; and speakers’ bureau for Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, F. Hoffmann–La Roche, Janssen, Medical Trends, Medscape, Merck Serono, MSD, Peervoice, Pfizer Regeneron, Seagen, Touch Oncology; board of directors role with Grifols; principal investigator in trials (institutional financial support for clinical trials) sponsored by AstraZeneca, Abbvie, Amgen, Bayer, Beigene, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Daiichi Sankyo, Exelixis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Genentech, GSK, Janssen, MSD, Merck KGAA, Mirati, Novartis, Nuvalent, Pfizer and Takeda. J.C. reports a role with the advisory board of Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Exelixis, Ipsen, Johnson & Johnson, MSD Oncology, Novartis (AAA), Pfizer and Sanofi; institutional funding received from Janssen-Cilag International NV, Lilly, S.A, Medimmune, Novartis Farmacéutica, S.A. and Sanofi-Aventis, S.A.; other role as Member of the Comission Catalan Program of Ambulatory Medication Comission (CAHMDA). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.