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Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007843, K23HL166961)
Doris Duke Charitable Foundation
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IK2-BX006551, IK2-CX001780)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (T32GM007170, HL169458, F30HL172382, DK134575, HL169458, HL168841, DK126194, DK126194)
Article History
Received: 25 April 2024
Accepted: 21 February 2025
First Online: 7 April 2025
Competing interests
: E.M.M. consults for Amgen, Avidity, AstraZeneca, Cytokinetics, Janssen, PepGen, Pfizer, Stealth BioTherapeutics and Tenaya Therapeutics and is a founder of Ikaika Therapeutics. S. M. Damrauer receives research support from RenalytixAI and Novo Nordisk. N.R. reports speaker honoraria from Zoll, consulting fees from Roche Diagnostics, American Regent, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Idorsia and Novo Nordisk, and research grant to her institution from Bristol Myers Squibb. The other authors declare no competing interests.