Li, Zheqi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1213-640X
Peluffo, Guillermo
Stevens, Laura E.
Qiu, Xintao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-7017
Seehawer, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0440-6967
Tawawalla, Amatullah
Huang, Xiao-Yun
Egri, Shawn B.
Raval, Shaunak
McFadden, Maeve https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7412-8496
D’Santos, Clive S.
Papachristou, Eva https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5835-2055
Kingston, Natalie L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-907X
Nishida, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5098-9361
Evans, Kyle E.
Seo, Ji-Heui
Clement, Kendell https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-0811
Temko, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-292X
Ekram, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-6872
Li, Rong https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1046-9580
Rees, Matthew G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2987-7581
Ronan, Melissa M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-1404
Roth, Jennifer A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-5586
Simeonov, Anton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4523-9977
Kales, Stephen C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8702-5766
Rai, Ganesha
Lal-Nag, Madhu
Maloney, David J.
Jadhav, Ajit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-1451
Michor, Franziska https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-8842
Meissner, Alex https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8646-7469
Balko, Justin M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4263-5974
Carroll, Jason S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-0080
Freedman, Matthew L.
Jaffe, Jacob D.
Papanastasiou, Malvina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3378-6612
Long, Henry W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6849-6629
Polyak, Kornelia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-0382
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (CA197623, CA250959, CA250959)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | Army Medical Command | Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (W81XWH-14-1-0212, W81XWH-14-1-0212)
Charles A King Trust
European Molecular Biology Organization (NA)
American Brain Tumor Association (NA)
Article History
Received: 17 October 2023
Accepted: 15 April 2025
First Online: 2 June 2025
Competing interests
: K.P. serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Susan G. Komen Foundation, the V Foundation and Ideaya Biosciences; is an adviser to Curie.Bio; holds equity in Antares and stock options in Ideaya Biosciences; receives sponsored research funding from Novartis and received honoraria from AstraZeneca and sale of Scorpion Therapeutics stocks upon their acquisition by Eli Lilly in the past 12 months. F.M. is a cofounder of and has equity in Harbinger Health, has equity in Zephyr AI, and serves as a consultant for Harbinger Health, Zephyr AI and Red Cell Partners. F.M. declares that none of these relationships are directly or indirectly related to the content of this paper. L.E.S. and M.E. are current employees of AstraZeneca. M.L.-N. is a current employee of InSphero. D.J.M. is a current employee of Veralox Therapeutics. A.J. is a current employee of Pfizer. J.J. is a current employee of Odyssey Therapeutics. The other authors declare no competing interests.