Huang, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2624-5439
Spurr, Liam F.
Weichselbaum, Ralph R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-8939
Pitroda, Sean P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-7991
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U54-CA274291)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U54-CA274291)
LUNGevity Foundation
American Lung Association
Dr. Ralph and Marian Falk Medical Research Trust
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
Article History
Received: 25 February 2025
Accepted: 12 May 2025
First Online: 30 June 2025
Competing interests
: R.R.W. has stock and other ownership interests with Boost Therapeutics, ImmVira, RefleXion Pharmaceuticals, Coordination Pharmaceuticals, Magi Therapeutics and Oncosenescence. He has served in a consulting or advisory role for Aettis, AstraZeneca, Coordination Pharmaceuticals, Genus, Merck Serono, Nanoproteagen, NKMax America and Shuttle Pharmaceuticals. He has received research grant funding from Varian and Regeneron. He has received compensation including travel, accommodations or expense reimbursement from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Merck Serono. S.P.P. and R.R.W. own a patent related to this work (PCT/US23/81165). S.P.P. and R.R.W. are cofounders of PersonaDx. The other authors declare no competing interests.