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Authors
German, Jakob https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1257-7782
Yang, Zhiyu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-838X
Urbut, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1135-9647
Vartiainen, Pekka https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5803-9571
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Gana, Andrea
Natarajan, Pradeep https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8402-7435
Pattorno, Elisabetta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8809-9898
Kutalik, Zoltan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8285-7523
Philippakis, Anthony
Ganna, Andrea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8147-240X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Broad Institute (Fellowship by the Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center)
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2024
Accepted: 13 May 2025
First Online: 18 June 2025
Competing interests
: A.G. is the founder of Real World Genetics OY. P.N. reports research grants from Allelica, Amgen, Apple, Boston Scientific, Genentech/Roche and Novartis; personal fees from Allelica, Apple, AstraZeneca, Blackstone Life Sciences, Creative Education Concepts, CRISPR Therapeutics, Eli Lilly & Co, Foresite Labs, Genentech/Roche, GV, HeartFlow, Magnet Biomedicine, Merck and Novartis; scientific advisory board membership of Esperion Therapeutics, Preciseli, TenSixteen Bio and Tourmaline Bio; scientific cofounder of TenSixteen Bio; equity in MyOme, Preciseli and TenSixteen Bio; and spousal employment at Vertex Pharmaceuticals (unrelated to the present work). A.P. is an employee of Alphabet and has previously received research support from Microsoft, Alphabet, Intel, IBM and Bayer. E.P. was supported by research grants from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK138036), the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (DB-2020C2-20326) and the Food and Drug Administration (5U01FD007213), not related to the topic of this work. She is the principal investigator of a research grant to the Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Boehringer Ingelheim, not related to the topic of this work. She receives royalties from UpToDate. The other authors declare no competing interests.
