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Authors
Shi, Quanming
Simon, Elana P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2433-4390
Cimen Bozkus, Cansu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7834-4792
Kaminska, Anna
Velazquez, Leandra
Saxena, Mansi
Zhang, Zilin
Belk, Julia A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4724-6158
Wang, Shuo
Yang, Nuoya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-0291
Zhang, Yaowen
Kwong, Ashley
Che, Yonglu
Stickels, Robert R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-4084
Crain, Charles R.
Schmidt-Hong, Laura https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0711-3570
Lichti, Cheryl F.
Gaiha, Gaurav D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-4472
Roth, Theodore L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3970-9573
Bhardwaj, Nina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1865-4187
Satpathy, Ansuman T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5167-537X
Yu, Bingfei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-6701
Chang, Howard Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9459-4393
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Parker Foundation
UV Foundation
Donald E. and Delia B. Baxter Foundation
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Article History
Received: 9 February 2024
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 28 July 2025
Competing interests
: Stanford University has filed a patent based on this work in which Q.S., B.Y. and H.Y.C. are named as inventors. H.Y.C. is a co-founder of Accent Therapeutics, Boundless Bio, Cartography Biosciences and Orbital Therapeutics, and an advisor to 10x Genomics, Arsenal Biosciences, Chroma Medicine and Exai Bio until 15 December 2024. H.Y.C. is an employee and stockholder of Amgen as of 16 December 2024. T.L.R. is a co-founder and former Chief Scientific Officer of Arsenal Bioscience, and an advisor to NewLimit. A.T.S. is a co-founder of Immunai, Cartography Biosciences, Santa Ana Bio and Prox Biosciences, is an advisor to 10x Genomics and Wing Venture Capital, and receives research funding from Astellas Pharma. N.B. is an extramural PICI member. The other authors declare no competing interests.
