Kübler, Kirsten https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0342-5579
Nardone, Agostina
Anand, Shankara
Gurevich, Daniel
Gao, Jianjiong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5739-1781
Droog, Marjolein
Hermida-Prado, Francisco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2916-0337
Akhshi, Tara
Feiglin, Ariel
Feit, Avery S.
Cohen Feit, Gabriella
Dackus, Gwen
Pun, Matthew
Kuang, Yanan
Cha, Justin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-2211
Miller, Mendy
Gregoricchio, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9209-5403
Lanfermeijer, Mirthe
Cornelissen, Sten
Gibson, William J.
Paweletz, Cloud P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2287-5663
Van Allen, Eliezer M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0201-4444
van Leeuwen, Flora E.
Nederlof, Petra M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-9765
Nguyen, Quang-Dé
Mourits, Marian J. E.
Radovich, Milan
Leshchiner, Ignaty
Stewart, Chip
Matulonis, Ursula A.
Zwart, Wilbert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-7289
Maruvka, Yosef E.
Getz, Gad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-0753
Jeselsohn, Rinath https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-7529
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-17-1-0084)
G.G. is partly supported by the Paul C. Zamecnik Chair in Oncology at the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center.
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | Army Medical Command | Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (W81XWH-17-1-0084)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P50CA240243, 5K08CA191058-05)
KWF Kankerbestrijding
Article History
Received: 17 March 2022
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Competing interests
: G.G. receives research funds from IBM, Pharmacyclics–AbbVie, Bayer, Genentech, Calico, Ultima Genomics, Inocras, Google, Kite and Novartis and is also an inventor on patent applications filed by the Broad Institute related to MSMuTect, MSMutSig, POLYSOLVER, SignatureAnalyzer-GPU, MSEye and MinimuMM-seq, and DLBclass. He is a founder of and a consultant to and holds privately held equity in Scorpion Therapeutics; he is also a founder of and holds privately held equity in PreDICTA Biosciences; and he holds privately held equity in Antares Therapeutics. R.J. received research funding from Lilly, Pfizer and Novartis and serves on an advisory board for GE Healthcare and Carrick Therapeutics. Y.E.M. is a consultant in Foresee Genomics. C.P.P. holds stock and other ownership interests in Xsphera Biosciences and receives honoraria from Bio-Rad and consults or advises for DropWorks and Xsphera Biosciences. C.P.P. also has sponsored research agreements with Daiichi Sankyo, Bicycle Therapeutics, Transcenta, Bicara Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Intellia Therapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceuticals and Array BioPharma. W.J.G. is a cofounder of and holds equity in Ampressa Therapeutics, is a consultant for and holds equity in inference and has received consulting fees from Boston Clinical Research Institute, Belharra Therapeutics, Faze Medicine and ImmPACT Bio. E.M.V.A. reports an advisory role and/or consulting with Tango Therapeutics, Genome Medical, Invitae, Enara Bio, Janssen, Manifold Bio and Monte Rosa; research support from Novartis and BMS; equity in Tango Therapeutics, Genome Medical, Syapse, Enara Bio, Manifold Bio, Microsoft and Monte Rosa; travel reimbursement from Roche–Genentech and institutional patents filed on chromatin mutations and immunotherapy response and methods for clinical interpretation. W.Z. receives research funding and advises for Astellas Pharma. U.A.M. reports receiving consulting fees received from Merck, Novartis, Blueprint Medicines, AstraZeneca and NextCure as well as participating on a data safety monitoring board or an advisory board for Symphogen and Advaxis. M.J.E.M. receives research funding from W.J. Thijn Stichting. I.L. is a consultant for PACT Pharma and is a board member, scientific advisor and consultant to Ennov1. A.N. is currently employed by AstraZeneca. J.G. and M.R. disclose a financial association with Caris Life Sciences, including full-time employment, travel and/or speaking expenses and stock and/or stock options. The other authors declare no competing interests.