Aung, Thazin N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-0426
Monkman, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-8402
Warrell, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1323-4602
Vathiotis, Ioannis
Bates, Katherine M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8956-6331
Gavrielatou, Niki
Trontzas, Ioannis P.
Tan, Chin Wee https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9695-7218
Fernandez, Aileen I.
Moutafi, Myrto
O’ Byrne, Ken
Schalper, Kurt A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-4833
Syrigos, Konstantinos
Herbst, Roy S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2535-5847
Kulasinghe, Arutha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-7350
Rimm, David L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-4397
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P50 CA196530)
Robert E. Leet and Clara Guthrie Patterson Trust
Tower Cancer Research Foundation
Yale Cancer Center
Cure Cancer, The Princess Alexandra Research Foundation and the Medical Research Future Fund
Article History
Received: 23 August 2024
Accepted: 28 August 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Competing interests
: D.L.R. reports research support from AbbVie, Cepheid, Navigate BioPharma, NextCure, Konica/Minota, Regeneron and Leica/Danaher; instrument support from Akoya; major honoraria from consultative activities with Cell Signaling Technology, Cepheid, Nucleai and Danaher; and minor honoraria from consultative activities with AstraZeneca, Immunogen, PAIGE.AI, Regeneron, Roche and Sanofi. A.K. is supported by Cure Cancer and the Passe and Williams Foundation and is an advisor for the European Spatial Biology Company, Omapix Solutions, Predxbio, Molecular Instruments and Visiopharm. R.S.H. reports research support from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Genentech/Roche, Merck and Company; and serves in a leadership role for the American Association for Cancer Research, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer and the Southwest Oncology Group. K.A.S. reports research funding from Takeda, Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Genentech/Roche, Akoya Biosciences and NextPoint Therapeutics; has received honoraria for consultant/advisory/speaker roles from Clinica Alemana de Santiago, AstraZeneca, EMD Serono, Takeda, Sanofi, Parthenon Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, Molecular Templates, Merck, Dynamicure, Indaptus, Moderna, Merus, PeerView, PER, Forefront Collaborative, DAINA and NextPoint Therapeutics. J.W. is currently employed by NEC Labs America. A.I.F. is currently employed by Caris. All other authors declare no competing interests.