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Authors
Sun, Tao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2800-0921
Li, Qin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-2717
Geisinger, Jonathan M.
Hu, Shi-Bin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3326-7890
Fan, Boming
Su, Shichen
Tsui, Waitang
Guo, Hongchao
Ma, Jinbiao
Li, Jin Billy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-1399
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM144100)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI182437)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH115080)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK140912)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK143477)
Milton Safenowitz Postdoctoral Fellowship from the ALS Association
Postdoctoral Fellowship from the American Heart Association
Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program
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Article History
Received: 12 October 2022
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Competing interests
: J.B.L. is a co-founder of AIRNA and a consultant for Risen Pharma. J.B.L. and Q.L. are named inventors of a patent filed by Stanford University (WO/2023/239781), describing a method related to the calculation of immunogenic dsRNA burden. The other authors declare no competing interests.
