Tangermann, Carla https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4715-4985
Ghosh, Avantika https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2172-3791
Ziegler, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-5234
Facchinetti, Francesco
Stappenbeck, Jannis
Carus Sahin, Yagmur Oyku https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3881-6140
Riester, Marisa https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4178-1685
Viardot, Luise Carmina
Zundel, Tobias
Friboulet, Luc
Hollebecque, Antoine
Naveja, José J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8640-6690
Wanninger, Angela
Hess, Maria Elena https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5792-3657
Brummer, Tilman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4387-7905
Boerries, Melanie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-0602
Loges, Sonja
Loriot, Yohann https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-1739
Illert, Anna L.
Diederichs, Sven https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-4752
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 1453 - 431984000)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 1479 441891347-S1)
Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung DKTK - MTB-TAILOR
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (PM4Onco FKZ 01ZZ2322A)
Article History
Received: 17 July 2024
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Competing interests
: F.F. declares personal fees from BeiGene for the advisory board. L.F. received research funding from Debiopharm, Incyte, Relay Therapeutics, Sanofi and Nuvalent. A.H. received honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Debiopharm, Eli Lilly and Company, Incyte Corporation and QED Therapeutics. T.B. received honoraria from Pierre Fabre and the European Society for Medical Oncology for activities unrelated to the content of this paper. S.L. has an advisory role at Lilly, Sanofi, BerGenBio, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Roche, AstraZeneca, MSD, Merck, Sanofi-Aventis, Janssen, Takeda, Pfizer, Amgen, Bayer, Medac and Daiichi-Sankyo, and received honoraria and payments for travel costs from Lilly, Sanofi, BerGenBio, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Roche, AstraZeneca, MSD, Merck, Sanofi-Aventis, Janssen, Takeda, Pfizer, Amgen, Bayer, Medac and Daiichi-Sankyo. In addition, research grants were obtained from Roche, BerGenBio, Lilly, ADC Therapeutics and Daiichi-Sankyo. Y.L. received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Astellas, BMS, Gilead, Janssen, Merck KGaA, MSD and Pfizer, and received payments for travel and accommodation from Astellas, BMS, Janssen, Merck KGaA, MSD, Pfizer and Roche. A.L.I. has an advisory role for Bayer, Takeda, Janssen, Roche, AbbVie and Fido, and has given lectures for Sodi, Takeda, Roche, Amgen, Janssen, AbbVie, FOMF and Illumina. S.D. receives research funding from BioMarin and is a co-owner of siTOOLs Biotech, Martinsried, Germany, unrelated to this work. The other authors declare no competing interests.