Maas, Sybren L. N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-4405
Tang, Yiheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-3353
Stutheit-Zhao, Eric
Rahmanzade, Ramin
Blume, Christina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-9304
Hielscher, Thomas
Zettl, Ferdinand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2802-3813
Benfatto, Salvatore https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4439-3136
Calafato, Domenico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9636-9819
Sill, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7616-7665
Benotmane, Jasim Kada
Yabo, Yahaya A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1128-6038
Behling, Felix
Suwala, Abigail
Kardo, Helin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-9160
Ritter, Michael
Peyre, Matthieu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-9516
Sankowski, Roman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9215-8021
Okonechnikov, Konstantin
Sievers, Philipp https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3237-6021
Patel, Areeba
Reuss, David
Friedrich, Mirco J.
Stichel, Damian
Schrimpf, Daniel
Van den Bosch, Thierry P. P.
Beck, Katja
Wirsching, Hans-Georg
Jungwirth, Gerhard
Hanemann, C. Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1951-1025
Lamszus, Katrin
Etminan, Nima
Unterberg, Andreas
Mawrin, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-3124
Remke, Marc
Ayrault, Olivier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-6674
Lichter, Peter
Reifenberger, Guido
Platten, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4746-887X
Kacprowski, Tim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5393-2413
List, Markus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0941-4168
Pauling, Josch K.
Baumbach, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-0462
Milde, Till https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-1052
Grossmann, Rachel
Ram, Zvi
Ratliff, Miriam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-6544
Mallm, Jan-Philipp https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7059-4030
Neidert, Marian C.
Bos, Eelke M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-6740
Prinz, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0349-1955
Weller, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-174X
Acker, Till
Hartmann, Felix J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2276
Preusser, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-2315
Tabatabai, Ghazaleh
Herold-Mende, Christel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-745X
Krieg, Sandro M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4050-1531
Jones, David T. W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2036-5141
Pfister, Stefan M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-5322
Wick, Wolfgang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-634X
Kalamarides, Michel
von Deimling, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5863-540X
Heiland, Dieter Henrik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-3033
Hovestadt, Volker https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-6649
Gerstung, Moritz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6709-963X
Schlesner, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-4086
,
Sahm, Felix https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-1962
Funding for this research was provided by:
Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
Deutsche Krebshilfe
Gemeinnützige Hertie-Stiftung
Stophersentumoren.nl
Cancer Research Institute Irvington Postdoctoral Fellowship PMH/DKFZ Global Oncology Fellowship
Article History
Received: 30 October 2024
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 9 February 2026
Competing interests
: M.S., D. Schrimp, A.V.D., S.M.P., D.T.W.J. and F.S. are co-founders and shareholders of Heidelberg Epignostix. M.S. became a full-time employee of Heidelberg Epignostix in July 2024, and D.S. became a part-time employee in November 2024. A.P. is a full-time employee of Heidelberg Epignostix since December 2024. M.S., A.V.D., D.T.W.J., V.H. and S.M.P. report patent EP16710700.2. M.S., A.V.D., D.T.W.J., D. Schrimpf, F.S., V.H. and S.M.P. report patent EP4384959A2. E.S.Z. has provided consulting services to Adela. S.L.N.M. and E.M.B. have received speaking fees from Servier. M.C.N. has received a research grant from Novocure, honoraria for consulting and lectures from WISE, MSD, Servier and Osteopore. T.M. is an Advisory Board member of Ipsen Pharma and has received research grants from Biomed Valley Discoveries and Day One Biopharmaceuticals. S.K. is a consultant for and shareholder of Need (San Francisco, CA) and consultant for Brainlab (Munich, Germany) and Ulrich Medical (Ulm, Germany). R.G. reports consultation and a travel grant from Novocure. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.